Revert "Revert "feat: Add CacheProvider API for external distributed caching"" (#12915)

* Revert "Revert "feat: Add CacheProvider API for external distributed caching …"

This reverts commit d1d53c14be.

* fix: gate provider lookups to outputs cache and fix UI coercion

- Add `enable_providers` flag to BasicCache so only the outputs cache
  triggers external provider lookups/stores. The objects cache stores
  node class instances, not CacheEntry values, so provider calls were
  wasted round-trips that always missed.
- Remove `or {}` coercion on `result.ui` — an empty dict passes the
  `is not None` gate in execution.py and causes KeyError when the
  history builder indexes `["output"]` and `["meta"]`. Preserving
  `None` correctly skips the ui_node_outputs addition.

comfy_api/latest/_caching.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Optional
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CacheContext:
+    node_id: str
+    class_type: str
+    cache_key_hash: str  # SHA256 hex digest
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CacheValue:
+    outputs: list
+    ui: dict = None
+
+
+class CacheProvider(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for external cache providers.
+    Exceptions from provider methods are caught by the caller and never break execution.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def on_lookup(self, context: CacheContext) -> Optional[CacheValue]:
+        """Called on local cache miss. Return CacheValue if found, None otherwise."""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def on_store(self, context: CacheContext, value: CacheValue) -> None:
+        """Called after local store. Dispatched via asyncio.create_task."""
+        pass
+
+    def should_cache(self, context: CacheContext, value: Optional[CacheValue] = None) -> bool:
+        """Return False to skip external caching for this node. Default: True."""
+        return True
+
+    def on_prompt_start(self, prompt_id: str) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def on_prompt_end(self, prompt_id: str) -> None:
+        pass