fix(openapi/apps): move uuid fast-path before tag guard in list endpoint

Explicit re-raise list at L230-238 only covered UnprocessableEntity +
NotChatAppError/NotWorkflowAppError. Other HTTPException subclasses
raised inside handlers (NotFound, BadRequest, ConversationCompletedError,
ProviderNotInitializeError, ProviderQuotaExceededError, ...) hit
`except Exception` and got squashed to 500. Replace with
`except HTTPException: raise`.

Refactor bundled: collapse 3x try/except ladder into
_translate_service_errors() ctxmgr, inline single-call constraint
enforcers, drop wasted dict() copy in _unpack_blocking, trim module
docstring and stale spec doc reference. -60 net lines.

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+---
+name: backend-code-review
+description: Review backend code for quality, security, maintainability, and best practices based on established checklist rules. Use when the user requests a review, analysis, or improvement of backend files (e.g., `.py`) under the `api/` directory. Do NOT use for frontend files (e.g., `.tsx`, `.ts`, `.js`). Supports pending-change review, code snippets review, and file-focused review.
+---
+
+# Backend Code Review
+
+## When to use this skill
+
+Use this skill whenever the user asks to **review, analyze, or improve** backend code (e.g., `.py`) under the `api/` directory. Supports the following review modes:
+
+- **Pending-change review**: when the user asks to review current changes (inspect staged/working-tree files slated for commit to get the changes).
+- **Code snippets review**: when the user pastes code snippets (e.g., a function/class/module excerpt) into the chat and asks for a review.
+- **File-focused review**: when the user points to specific files and asks for a review of those files (one file or a small, explicit set of files, e.g., `api/...`, `api/app.py`).
+
+Do NOT use this skill when:
+
+- The request is about frontend code or UI (e.g., `.tsx`, `.ts`, `.js`, `web/`).
+- The user is not asking for a review/analysis/improvement of backend code.
+- The scope is not under `api/` (unless the user explicitly asks to review backend-related changes outside `api/`).
+
+## How to use this skill
+
+Follow these steps when using this skill:
+
+1. **Identify the review mode** (pending-change vs snippet vs file-focused) based on the user’s input. Keep the scope tight: review only what the user provided or explicitly referenced.
+2. Follow the rules defined in **Checklist** to perform the review. If no Checklist rule matches, apply **General Review Rules** as a fallback to perform the best-effort review.
+3. Compose the final output strictly follow the **Required Output Format**.
+
+Notes when using this skill:
+- Always include actionable fixes or suggestions (including possible code snippets).
+- Use best-effort `File:Line` references when a file path and line numbers are available; otherwise, use the most specific identifier you can.
+
+## Checklist
+
+- db schema design: if the review scope includes code/files under `api/models/` or `api/migrations/`, follow [references/db-schema-rule.md](references/db-schema-rule.md) to perform the review
+- architecture: if the review scope involves controller/service/core-domain/libs/model layering, dependency direction, or moving responsibilities across modules, follow [references/architecture-rule.md](references/architecture-rule.md) to perform the review
+- repositories abstraction: if the review scope contains table/model operations (e.g., `select(...)`, `session.execute(...)`, joins, CRUD) and is not under `api/repositories`, `api/core/repositories`, or `api/extensions/*/repositories/`, follow [references/repositories-rule.md](references/repositories-rule.md) to perform the review
+- sqlalchemy patterns: if the review scope involves SQLAlchemy session/query usage, db transaction/crud usage, or raw SQL usage, follow [references/sqlalchemy-rule.md](references/sqlalchemy-rule.md) to perform the review
+
+## General Review Rules
+
+### 1. Security Review
+
+Check for:
+- SQL injection vulnerabilities
+- Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
+- Command injection
+- Insecure deserialization
+- Hardcoded secrets/credentials
+- Improper authentication/authorization
+- Insecure direct object references
+
+### 2. Performance Review
+
+Check for:
+- N+1 queries
+- Missing database indexes
+- Memory leaks
+- Blocking operations in async code
+- Missing caching opportunities
+
+### 3. Code Quality Review
+
+Check for:
+- Code forward compatibility
+- Code duplication (DRY violations)
+- Functions doing too much (SRP violations)
+- Deep nesting / complex conditionals
+- Magic numbers/strings
+- Poor naming
+- Missing error handling
+- Incomplete type coverage
+
+### 4. Testing Review
+
+Check for:
+- Missing test coverage for new code
+- Tests that don't test behavior
+- Flaky test patterns
+- Missing edge cases
+
+## Required Output Format
+
+When this skill invoked, the response must exactly follow one of the two templates:
+
+### Template A (any findings)
+
+```markdown
+# Code Review Summary
+
+Found <X> critical issues need to be fixed:
+
+## 🔴 Critical (Must Fix)
+
+### 1. <brief description of the issue>
+
+FilePath: <path> line <line>
+<relevant code snippet or pointer>
+
+#### Explanation
+
+<detailed explanation and references of the issue>
+
+#### Suggested Fix
+
+1. <brief description of suggested fix>
+2. <code example> (optional, omit if not applicable)
+
+---
+... (repeat for each critical issue) ...
+
+Found <Y> suggestions for improvement:
+
+## 🟡 Suggestions (Should Consider)
+
+### 1. <brief description of the suggestion>
+
+FilePath: <path> line <line>
+<relevant code snippet or pointer>
+
+#### Explanation
+
+<detailed explanation and references of the suggestion>
+
+#### Suggested Fix
+
+1. <brief description of suggested fix>
+2. <code example> (optional, omit if not applicable)
+
+---
+... (repeat for each suggestion) ...
+
+Found <Z> optional nits:
+
+## 🟢 Nits (Optional)
+### 1. <brief description of the nit>
+
+FilePath: <path> line <line>
+<relevant code snippet or pointer>
+
+#### Explanation
+
+<explanation and references of the optional nit>
+
+#### Suggested Fix
+
+- <minor suggestions>
+
+---
+... (repeat for each nits) ...
+
+## ✅ What's Good
+
+- <Positive feedback on good patterns>
+```
+
+- If there are no critical issues or suggestions or option nits or good points, just omit that section.
+- If the issue number is more than 10, summarize as "Found 10+ critical issues/suggestions/optional nits" and only output the first 10 items.
+- Don't compress the blank lines between sections; keep them as-is for readability.
+- If there is any issue requires code changes, append a brief follow-up question to ask whether the user wants to apply the fix(es) after the structured output. For example: "Would you like me to use the Suggested fix(es) to address these issues?"
+
+### Template B (no issues)
+
+```markdown
+## Code Review Summary
+✅ No issues found.
+```

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/references/architecture-rule.md

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# Rule Catalog — Architecture
+
+## Scope
+- Covers: controller/service/core-domain/libs/model layering, dependency direction, responsibility placement, observability-friendly flow.
+
+## Rules
+
+### Keep business logic out of controllers
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Controllers should parse input, call services, and return serialized responses. Business decisions inside controllers make behavior hard to reuse and test.
+- Suggested fix: Move domain/business logic into the service or core/domain layer. Keep controller handlers thin and orchestration-focused.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    @bp.post("/apps/<app_id>/publish")
+    def publish_app(app_id: str):
+        payload = request.get_json() or {}
+        if payload.get("force") and current_user.role != "admin":
+            raise ValueError("only admin can force publish")
+        app = App.query.get(app_id)
+        app.status = "published"
+        db.session.commit()
+        return {"result": "ok"}
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    @bp.post("/apps/<app_id>/publish")
+    def publish_app(app_id: str):
+        payload = PublishRequest.model_validate(request.get_json() or {})
+        app_service.publish_app(app_id=app_id, force=payload.force, actor_id=current_user.id)
+        return {"result": "ok"}
+    ```
+
+### Preserve layer dependency direction
+- Category: best practices
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Controllers may depend on services, and services may depend on core/domain abstractions. Reversing this direction (for example, core importing controller/web modules) creates cycles and leaks transport concerns into domain code.
+- Suggested fix: Extract shared contracts into core/domain or service-level modules and make upper layers depend on lower, not the reverse.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # core/policy/publish_policy.py
+    from controllers.console.app import request_context
+
+    def can_publish() -> bool:
+        return request_context.current_user.is_admin
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # core/policy/publish_policy.py
+    def can_publish(role: str) -> bool:
+        return role == "admin"
+
+    # service layer adapts web/user context to domain input
+    allowed = can_publish(role=current_user.role)
+    ```
+
+### Keep libs business-agnostic
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Modules under `api/libs/` should remain reusable, business-agnostic building blocks. They must not encode product/domain-specific rules, workflow orchestration, or business decisions.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - If business logic appears in `api/libs/`, extract it into the appropriate `services/` or `core/` module and keep `libs` focused on generic, cross-cutting helpers.
+  - Keep `libs` dependencies clean: avoid importing service/controller/domain-specific modules into `api/libs/`.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # api/libs/conversation_filter.py
+    from services.conversation_service import ConversationService
+
+    def should_archive_conversation(conversation, tenant_id: str) -> bool:
+        # Domain policy and service dependency are leaking into libs.
+        service = ConversationService()
+        if service.has_paid_plan(tenant_id):
+            return conversation.idle_days > 90
+        return conversation.idle_days > 30
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # api/libs/datetime_utils.py (business-agnostic helper)
+    def older_than_days(idle_days: int, threshold_days: int) -> bool:
+        return idle_days > threshold_days
+
+    # services/conversation_service.py (business logic stays in service/core)
+    from libs.datetime_utils import older_than_days
+
+    def should_archive_conversation(conversation, tenant_id: str) -> bool:
+        threshold_days = 90 if has_paid_plan(tenant_id) else 30
+        return older_than_days(conversation.idle_days, threshold_days)
+    ```

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/references/db-schema-rule.md

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# Rule Catalog — DB Schema Design
+
+## Scope
+- Covers: model/base inheritance, schema boundaries in model properties, tenant-aware schema design, index redundancy checks, dialect portability in models, and cross-database compatibility in migrations.
+- Does NOT cover: session lifecycle, transaction boundaries, and query execution patterns (handled by `sqlalchemy-rule.md`).
+
+## Rules
+
+### Do not query other tables inside `@property`
+- Category: [maintainability, performance]
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: A model `@property` must not open sessions or query other tables. This hides dependencies across models, tightly couples schema objects to data access, and can cause N+1 query explosions when iterating collections.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Keep model properties pure and local to already-loaded fields.
+  - Move cross-table data fetching to service/repository methods.
+  - For list/batch reads, fetch required related data explicitly (join/preload/bulk query) before rendering derived values.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    class Conversation(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "conversations"
+
+        @property
+        def app_name(self) -> str:
+            with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+                app = session.execute(select(App).where(App.id == self.app_id)).scalar_one()
+                return app.name
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    class Conversation(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "conversations"
+
+        @property
+        def display_title(self) -> str:
+            return self.name or "Untitled"
+
+
+    # Service/repository layer performs explicit batch fetch for related App rows.
+    ```
+
+### Prefer including `tenant_id` in model definitions
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: suggestion
+- Description: In multi-tenant domains, include `tenant_id` in schema definitions whenever the entity belongs to tenant-owned data. This improves data isolation safety and keeps future partitioning/sharding strategies practical as data volume grows.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Add a `tenant_id` column and ensure related unique/index constraints include tenant dimension when applicable.
+  - Propagate `tenant_id` through service/repository contracts to keep access paths tenant-aware.
+  - Exception: if a table is explicitly designed as non-tenant-scoped global metadata, document that design decision clearly.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
+
+    class Dataset(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "datasets"
+        id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True)
+        name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(255), nullable=False)
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
+
+    class Dataset(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "datasets"
+        id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True)
+        tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, index=True)
+        name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(255), nullable=False)
+    ```
+
+### Detect and avoid duplicate/redundant indexes
+- Category: performance
+- Severity: suggestion
+- Description: Review index definitions for leftmost-prefix redundancy. For example, index `(a, b, c)` can safely cover most lookups for `(a, b)`. Keeping both may increase write overhead and can mislead the optimizer into suboptimal execution plans.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Before adding an index, compare against existing composite indexes by leftmost-prefix rules.
+  - Drop or avoid creating redundant prefixes unless there is a proven query-pattern need.
+  - Apply the same review standard in both model `__table_args__` and migration index DDL.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    __table_args__ = (
+        sa.Index("idx_msg_tenant_app", "tenant_id", "app_id"),
+        sa.Index("idx_msg_tenant_app_created", "tenant_id", "app_id", "created_at"),
+    )
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    __table_args__ = (
+        # Keep the wider index unless profiling proves a dedicated short index is needed.
+        sa.Index("idx_msg_tenant_app_created", "tenant_id", "app_id", "created_at"),
+    )
+    ```
+
+### Avoid PostgreSQL-only dialect usage in models; wrap in `models.types`
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Model/schema definitions should avoid PostgreSQL-only constructs directly in business models. When database-specific behavior is required, encapsulate it in `api/models/types.py` using both PostgreSQL and MySQL dialect implementations, then consume that abstraction from model code.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Do not directly place dialect-only types/operators in model columns when a portable wrapper can be used.
+  - Add or extend wrappers in `models.types` (for example, `AdjustedJSON`, `LongText`, `BinaryData`) to normalize behavior across PostgreSQL and MySQL.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSONB
+    from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
+
+    class ToolConfig(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "tool_configs"
+        config: Mapped[dict] = mapped_column(JSONB, nullable=False)
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
+
+    from models.types import AdjustedJSON
+
+    class ToolConfig(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "tool_configs"
+        config: Mapped[dict] = mapped_column(AdjustedJSON(), nullable=False)
+    ```
+
+### Guard migration incompatibilities with dialect checks and shared types
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Migration scripts under `api/migrations/versions/` must account for PostgreSQL/MySQL incompatibilities explicitly. For dialect-sensitive DDL or defaults, branch on the active dialect (for example, `conn.dialect.name == "postgresql"`), and prefer reusable compatibility abstractions from `models.types` where applicable.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - In migration upgrades/downgrades, bind connection and branch by dialect for incompatible SQL fragments.
+  - Reuse `models.types` wrappers in column definitions when that keeps behavior aligned with runtime models.
+  - Avoid one-dialect-only migration logic unless there is a documented, deliberate compatibility exception.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    with op.batch_alter_table("dataset_keyword_tables") as batch_op:
+        batch_op.add_column(
+            sa.Column(
+                "data_source_type",
+                sa.String(255),
+                server_default=sa.text("'database'::character varying"),
+                nullable=False,
+            )
+        )
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    def _is_pg(conn) -> bool:
+        return conn.dialect.name == "postgresql"
+
+
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    default_expr = sa.text("'database'::character varying") if _is_pg(conn) else sa.text("'database'")
+
+    with op.batch_alter_table("dataset_keyword_tables") as batch_op:
+        batch_op.add_column(
+            sa.Column("data_source_type", sa.String(255), server_default=default_expr, nullable=False)
+        )
+    ```

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/references/repositories-rule.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Rule Catalog - Repositories Abstraction
+
+## Scope
+- Covers: when to reuse existing repository abstractions, when to introduce new repositories, and how to preserve dependency direction between service/core and infrastructure implementations.
+- Does NOT cover: SQLAlchemy session lifecycle and query-shape specifics (handled by `sqlalchemy-rule.md`), and table schema/migration design (handled by `db-schema-rule.md`).
+
+## Rules
+
+### Introduce repositories abstraction
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: suggestion
+- Description: If a table/model already has a repository abstraction, all reads/writes/queries for that table should use the existing repository. If no repository exists, introduce one only when complexity justifies it, such as large/high-volume tables, repeated complex query logic, or likely storage-strategy variation.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - First check  `api/repositories`, `api/core/repositories`, and `api/extensions/*/repositories/` to verify whether the table/model already has a repository abstraction. If it exists, route all operations through it and add missing repository methods instead of bypassing it with ad-hoc SQLAlchemy access.
+  - If no repository exists, add one only when complexity warrants it (for example, repeated complex queries, large data domains, or multiple storage strategies), while preserving dependency direction (service/core depends on abstraction; infra provides implementation).
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # Existing repository is ignored and service uses ad-hoc table queries.
+    class AppService:
+        def archive_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str) -> None:
+            app = self.session.execute(
+                select(App).where(App.id == app_id, App.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+            ).scalar_one()
+            app.archived = True
+            self.session.commit()
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # Case A: Existing repository must be reused for all table operations.
+    class AppService:
+        def archive_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str) -> None:
+            app = self.app_repo.get_by_id(app_id=app_id, tenant_id=tenant_id)
+            app.archived = True
+            self.app_repo.save(app)
+
+    # If the query is missing, extend the existing abstraction.
+    active_apps = self.app_repo.list_active_for_tenant(tenant_id=tenant_id)
+    ```
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # No repository exists, but large-domain query logic is scattered in service code.
+    class ConversationService:
+        def list_recent_for_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, limit: int) -> list[Conversation]:
+            ...
+            # many filters/joins/pagination variants duplicated across services
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # Case B: Introduce repository for large/complex domains or storage variation.
+    class ConversationRepository(Protocol):
+        def list_recent_for_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, limit: int) -> list[Conversation]: ...
+
+    class SqlAlchemyConversationRepository:
+        def list_recent_for_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, limit: int) -> list[Conversation]:
+            ...
+
+    class ConversationService:
+        def __init__(self, conversation_repo: ConversationRepository):
+            self.conversation_repo = conversation_repo
+    ```

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/references/sqlalchemy-rule.md

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+# Rule Catalog — SQLAlchemy Patterns
+
+## Scope
+- Covers: SQLAlchemy session and transaction lifecycle, query construction, tenant scoping, raw SQL boundaries, and write-path concurrency safeguards.
+- Does NOT cover: table/model schema and migration design details (handled by `db-schema-rule.md`).
+
+## Rules
+
+### Use Session context manager with explicit transaction control behavior
+- Category: best practices
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Session and transaction lifecycle must be explicit and bounded on write paths. Missing commits can silently drop intended updates, while ad-hoc or long-lived transactions increase contention, lock duration, and deadlock risk.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Use **explicit `session.commit()`** after completing a related write unit.
+  - Or use **`session.begin()` context manager** for automatic commit/rollback on a scoped block.
+  - Keep transaction windows short: avoid network I/O, heavy computation, or unrelated work inside the transaction.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # Missing commit: write may never be persisted.
+    with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        run = session.get(WorkflowRun, run_id)
+        run.status = "cancelled"
+
+    # Long transaction: external I/O inside a DB transaction.
+    with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session, session.begin():
+        run = session.get(WorkflowRun, run_id)
+        run.status = "cancelled"
+        call_external_api()
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # Option 1: explicit commit.
+    with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        run = session.get(WorkflowRun, run_id)
+        run.status = "cancelled"
+        session.commit()
+
+    # Option 2: scoped transaction with automatic commit/rollback.
+    with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session, session.begin():
+        run = session.get(WorkflowRun, run_id)
+        run.status = "cancelled"
+
+    # Keep non-DB work outside transaction scope.
+    call_external_api()
+    ```
+
+### Enforce tenant_id scoping on shared-resource queries
+- Category: security
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Reads and writes against shared tables must be scoped by `tenant_id` to prevent cross-tenant data leakage or corruption.
+- Suggested fix: Add `tenant_id` predicate to all tenant-owned entity queries and propagate tenant context through service/repository interfaces.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    stmt = select(Workflow).where(Workflow.id == workflow_id)
+    workflow = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    stmt = select(Workflow).where(
+        Workflow.id == workflow_id,
+        Workflow.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+    )
+    workflow = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
+    ```
+
+### Prefer SQLAlchemy expressions over raw SQL by default
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: suggestion
+- Description: Raw SQL should be exceptional. ORM/Core expressions are easier to evolve, safer to compose, and more consistent with the codebase.
+- Suggested fix: Rewrite straightforward raw SQL into SQLAlchemy `select/update/delete` expressions; keep raw SQL only when required by clear technical constraints.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    row = session.execute(
+        text("SELECT * FROM workflows WHERE id = :id AND tenant_id = :tenant_id"),
+        {"id": workflow_id, "tenant_id": tenant_id},
+    ).first()
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    stmt = select(Workflow).where(
+        Workflow.id == workflow_id,
+        Workflow.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+    )
+    row = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
+    ```
+
+### Protect write paths with concurrency safeguards
+- Category: quality
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Multi-writer paths without explicit concurrency control can silently overwrite data. Choose the safeguard based on contention level, lock scope, and throughput cost instead of defaulting to one strategy.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - **Optimistic locking**: Use when contention is usually low and retries are acceptable. Add a version (or updated_at) guard in `WHERE` and treat `rowcount == 0` as a conflict.
+  - **Redis distributed lock**: Use when the critical section spans multiple steps/processes (or includes non-DB side effects) and you need cross-worker mutual exclusion.
+  - **SELECT ... FOR UPDATE**: Use when contention is high on the same rows and strict in-transaction serialization is required. Keep transactions short to reduce lock wait/deadlock risk.
+  - In all cases, scope by `tenant_id` and verify affected row counts for conditional writes.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # No tenant scope, no conflict detection, and no lock on a contested write path.
+    session.execute(update(WorkflowRun).where(WorkflowRun.id == run_id).values(status="cancelled"))
+    session.commit()  # silently overwrites concurrent updates
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # 1) Optimistic lock (low contention, retry on conflict)
+    result = session.execute(
+        update(WorkflowRun)
+        .where(
+            WorkflowRun.id == run_id,
+            WorkflowRun.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+            WorkflowRun.version == expected_version,
+        )
+        .values(status="cancelled", version=WorkflowRun.version + 1)
+    )
+    if result.rowcount == 0:
+        raise WorkflowStateConflictError("stale version, retry")
+
+    # 2) Redis distributed lock (cross-worker critical section)
+    lock_name = f"workflow_run_lock:{tenant_id}:{run_id}"
+    with redis_client.lock(lock_name, timeout=20):
+        session.execute(
+            update(WorkflowRun)
+            .where(WorkflowRun.id == run_id, WorkflowRun.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+            .values(status="cancelled")
+        )
+        session.commit()
+
+    # 3) Pessimistic lock with SELECT ... FOR UPDATE (high contention)
+    run = session.execute(
+        select(WorkflowRun)
+        .where(WorkflowRun.id == run_id, WorkflowRun.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+        .with_for_update()
+    ).scalar_one()
+    run.status = "cancelled"
+    session.commit()
+    ```

.agents/skills/component-refactoring/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+---
+name: component-refactoring
+description: Refactor high-complexity React components in Dify frontend. Use when `pnpm analyze-component --json` shows complexity > 50 or lineCount > 300, when the user asks for code splitting, hook extraction, or complexity reduction, or when `pnpm analyze-component` warns to refactor before testing; avoid for simple/well-structured components, third-party wrappers, or when the user explicitly wants testing without refactoring.
+---
+
+# Dify Component Refactoring Skill
+
+Refactor high-complexity React components in the Dify frontend codebase with the patterns and workflow below.
+
+> **Complexity Threshold**: Components with complexity > 50 (measured by `pnpm analyze-component`) should be refactored before testing.
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+### Commands (run from `web/`)
+
+Use paths relative to `web/` (e.g., `app/components/...`).
+Use `refactor-component` for refactoring prompts and `analyze-component` for testing prompts and metrics.
+
+```bash
+cd web
+
+# Generate refactoring prompt
+pnpm refactor-component <path>
+
+# Output refactoring analysis as JSON
+pnpm refactor-component <path> --json
+
+# Generate testing prompt (after refactoring)
+pnpm analyze-component <path>
+
+# Output testing analysis as JSON
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
+```
+
+### Complexity Analysis
+
+```bash
+# Analyze component complexity
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
+
+# Key metrics to check:
+# - complexity: normalized score 0-100 (target < 50)
+# - maxComplexity: highest single function complexity
+# - lineCount: total lines (target < 300)
+```
+
+### Complexity Score Interpretation
+
+| Score | Level | Action |
+|-------|-------|--------|
+| 0-25 | 🟢 Simple | Ready for testing |
+| 26-50 | 🟡 Medium | Consider minor refactoring |
+| 51-75 | 🟠 Complex | **Refactor before testing** |
+| 76-100 | 🔴 Very Complex | **Must refactor** |
+
+## Core Refactoring Patterns
+
+### Pattern 1: Extract Custom Hooks
+
+**When**: Component has complex state management, multiple `useState`/`useEffect`, or business logic mixed with UI.
+
+**Dify Convention**: Place hooks in a `hooks/` subdirectory or alongside the component as `use-<feature>.ts`.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Complex state logic in component
+const Configuration: FC = () => {
+  const [modelConfig, setModelConfig] = useState<ModelConfig>(...)
+  const [datasetConfigs, setDatasetConfigs] = useState<DatasetConfigs>(...)
+  const [completionParams, setCompletionParams] = useState<FormValue>({})
+  
+  // 50+ lines of state management logic...
+  
+  return <div>...</div>
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Extract to custom hook
+// hooks/use-model-config.ts
+export const useModelConfig = (appId: string) => {
+  const [modelConfig, setModelConfig] = useState<ModelConfig>(...)
+  const [completionParams, setCompletionParams] = useState<FormValue>({})
+  
+  // Related state management logic here
+  
+  return { modelConfig, setModelConfig, completionParams, setCompletionParams }
+}
+
+// Component becomes cleaner
+const Configuration: FC = () => {
+  const { modelConfig, setModelConfig } = useModelConfig(appId)
+  return <div>...</div>
+}
+```
+
+**Dify Examples**:
+- `web/app/components/app/configuration/hooks/use-advanced-prompt-config.ts`
+- `web/app/components/app/configuration/debug/hooks.tsx`
+- `web/app/components/workflow/hooks/use-workflow.ts`
+
+### Pattern 2: Extract Sub-Components
+
+**When**: Single component has multiple UI sections, conditional rendering blocks, or repeated patterns.
+
+**Dify Convention**: Place sub-components in subdirectories or as separate files in the same directory.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Monolithic JSX with multiple sections
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {/* 100 lines of header UI */}
+      {/* 100 lines of operations UI */}
+      {/* 100 lines of modals */}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Split into focused components
+// app-info/
+//   ├── index.tsx           (orchestration only)
+//   ├── app-header.tsx      (header UI)
+//   ├── app-operations.tsx  (operations UI)
+//   └── app-modals.tsx      (modal management)
+
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  const { showModal, setShowModal } = useAppInfoModals()
+  
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <AppHeader appDetail={appDetail} />
+      <AppOperations onAction={handleAction} />
+      <AppModals show={showModal} onClose={() => setShowModal(null)} />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+**Dify Examples**:
+- `web/app/components/app/configuration/` directory structure
+- `web/app/components/workflow/nodes/` per-node organization
+
+### Pattern 3: Simplify Conditional Logic
+
+**When**: Deep nesting (> 3 levels), complex ternaries, or multiple `if/else` chains.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Deeply nested conditionals
+const Template = useMemo(() => {
+  if (appDetail?.mode === AppModeEnum.CHAT) {
+    switch (locale) {
+      case LanguagesSupported[1]:
+        return <TemplateChatZh />
+      case LanguagesSupported[7]:
+        return <TemplateChatJa />
+      default:
+        return <TemplateChatEn />
+    }
+  }
+  if (appDetail?.mode === AppModeEnum.ADVANCED_CHAT) {
+    // Another 15 lines...
+  }
+  // More conditions...
+}, [appDetail, locale])
+
+// ✅ After: Use lookup tables + early returns
+const TEMPLATE_MAP = {
+  [AppModeEnum.CHAT]: {
+    [LanguagesSupported[1]]: TemplateChatZh,
+    [LanguagesSupported[7]]: TemplateChatJa,
+    default: TemplateChatEn,
+  },
+  [AppModeEnum.ADVANCED_CHAT]: {
+    [LanguagesSupported[1]]: TemplateAdvancedChatZh,
+    // ...
+  },
+}
+
+const Template = useMemo(() => {
+  const modeTemplates = TEMPLATE_MAP[appDetail?.mode]
+  if (!modeTemplates) return null
+  
+  const TemplateComponent = modeTemplates[locale] || modeTemplates.default
+  return <TemplateComponent appDetail={appDetail} />
+}, [appDetail, locale])
+```
+
+### Pattern 4: Extract API/Data Logic
+
+**When**: Component directly handles API calls, data transformation, or complex async operations.
+
+**Dify Convention**:
+- This skill is for component decomposition, not query/mutation design.
+- When refactoring data fetching, follow `web/AGENTS.md`.
+- Use `frontend-query-mutation` for contracts, query shape, data-fetching wrappers, query/mutation call-site patterns, conditional queries, invalidation, and mutation error handling.
+- Do not introduce deprecated `useInvalid` / `useReset`.
+- Do not add thin passthrough `useQuery` wrappers during refactoring; only extract a custom hook when it truly orchestrates multiple queries/mutations or shared derived state.
+
+**Dify Examples**:
+- `web/service/use-workflow.ts`
+- `web/service/use-common.ts`
+- `web/service/knowledge/use-dataset.ts`
+- `web/service/knowledge/use-document.ts`
+
+### Pattern 5: Extract Modal/Dialog Management
+
+**When**: Component manages multiple modals with complex open/close states.
+
+**Dify Convention**: Modals should be extracted with their state management.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Multiple modal states in component
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  const [showEditModal, setShowEditModal] = useState(false)
+  const [showDuplicateModal, setShowDuplicateModal] = useState(false)
+  const [showConfirmDelete, setShowConfirmDelete] = useState(false)
+  const [showSwitchModal, setShowSwitchModal] = useState(false)
+  const [showImportDSLModal, setShowImportDSLModal] = useState(false)
+  // 5+ more modal states...
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Extract to modal management hook
+type ModalType = 'edit' | 'duplicate' | 'delete' | 'switch' | 'import' | null
+
+const useAppInfoModals = () => {
+  const [activeModal, setActiveModal] = useState<ModalType>(null)
+  
+  const openModal = useCallback((type: ModalType) => setActiveModal(type), [])
+  const closeModal = useCallback(() => setActiveModal(null), [])
+  
+  return {
+    activeModal,
+    openModal,
+    closeModal,
+    isOpen: (type: ModalType) => activeModal === type,
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Pattern 6: Extract Form Logic
+
+**When**: Complex form validation, submission handling, or field transformation.
+
+**Dify Convention**: Use `@tanstack/react-form` patterns from `web/app/components/base/form/`.
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Use existing form infrastructure
+import { useAppForm } from '@/app/components/base/form'
+
+const ConfigForm = () => {
+  const form = useAppForm({
+    defaultValues: { name: '', description: '' },
+    onSubmit: handleSubmit,
+  })
+  
+  return <form.Provider>...</form.Provider>
+}
+```
+
+## Dify-Specific Refactoring Guidelines
+
+### 1. Context Provider Extraction
+
+**When**: Component provides complex context values with multiple states.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Large context value object
+const value = {
+  appId, isAPIKeySet, isTrailFinished, mode, modelModeType,
+  promptMode, isAdvancedMode, isAgent, isOpenAI, isFunctionCall,
+  // 50+ more properties...
+}
+return <ConfigContext.Provider value={value}>...</ConfigContext.Provider>
+
+// ✅ After: Split into domain-specific contexts
+<ModelConfigProvider value={modelConfigValue}>
+  <DatasetConfigProvider value={datasetConfigValue}>
+    <UIConfigProvider value={uiConfigValue}>
+      {children}
+    </UIConfigProvider>
+  </DatasetConfigProvider>
+</ModelConfigProvider>
+```
+
+**Dify Reference**: `web/context/` directory structure
+
+### 2. Workflow Node Components
+
+**When**: Refactoring workflow node components (`web/app/components/workflow/nodes/`).
+
+**Conventions**:
+- Keep node logic in `use-interactions.ts`
+- Extract panel UI to separate files
+- Use `_base` components for common patterns
+
+```
+nodes/<node-type>/
+  ├── index.tsx              # Node registration
+  ├── node.tsx               # Node visual component
+  ├── panel.tsx              # Configuration panel
+  ├── use-interactions.ts    # Node-specific hooks
+  └── types.ts               # Type definitions
+```
+
+### 3. Configuration Components
+
+**When**: Refactoring app configuration components.
+
+**Conventions**:
+- Separate config sections into subdirectories
+- Use existing patterns from `web/app/components/app/configuration/`
+- Keep feature toggles in dedicated components
+
+### 4. Tool/Plugin Components
+
+**When**: Refactoring tool-related components (`web/app/components/tools/`).
+
+**Conventions**:
+- Follow existing modal patterns
+- Use service hooks from `web/service/use-tools.ts`
+- Keep provider-specific logic isolated
+
+## Refactoring Workflow
+
+### Step 1: Generate Refactoring Prompt
+
+```bash
+pnpm refactor-component <path>
+```
+
+This command will:
+- Analyze component complexity and features
+- Identify specific refactoring actions needed
+- Generate a prompt for AI assistant (auto-copied to clipboard on macOS)
+- Provide detailed requirements based on detected patterns
+
+### Step 2: Analyze Details
+
+```bash
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
+```
+
+Identify:
+- Total complexity score
+- Max function complexity
+- Line count
+- Features detected (state, effects, API, etc.)
+
+### Step 3: Plan
+
+Create a refactoring plan based on detected features:
+
+| Detected Feature | Refactoring Action |
+|------------------|-------------------|
+| `hasState: true` + `hasEffects: true` | Extract custom hook |
+| `hasAPI: true` | Extract data/service hook |
+| `hasEvents: true` (many) | Extract event handlers |
+| `lineCount > 300` | Split into sub-components |
+| `maxComplexity > 50` | Simplify conditional logic |
+
+### Step 4: Execute Incrementally
+
+1. **Extract one piece at a time**
+2. **Run lint, type-check, and tests after each extraction**
+3. **Verify functionality before next step**
+
+```
+For each extraction:
+  ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ 1. Extract code                        │
+  │ 2. Run: pnpm lint:fix                  │
+  │ 3. Run: pnpm type-check:tsgo           │
+  │ 4. Run: pnpm test                      │
+  │ 5. Test functionality manually         │
+  │ 6. PASS? → Next extraction             │
+  │    FAIL? → Fix before continuing       │
+  └────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Step 5: Verify
+
+After refactoring:
+
+```bash
+# Re-run refactor command to verify improvements
+pnpm refactor-component <path>
+
+# If complexity < 25 and lines < 200, you'll see:
+# ✅ COMPONENT IS WELL-STRUCTURED
+
+# For detailed metrics:
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
+
+# Target metrics:
+# - complexity < 50
+# - lineCount < 300
+# - maxComplexity < 30
+```
+
+## Common Mistakes to Avoid
+
+### ❌ Over-Engineering
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Too many tiny hooks
+const useButtonText = () => useState('Click')
+const useButtonDisabled = () => useState(false)
+const useButtonLoading = () => useState(false)
+
+// ✅ Cohesive hook with related state
+const useButtonState = () => {
+  const [text, setText] = useState('Click')
+  const [disabled, setDisabled] = useState(false)
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
+  return { text, setText, disabled, setDisabled, loading, setLoading }
+}
+```
+
+### ❌ Breaking Existing Patterns
+
+- Follow existing directory structures
+- Maintain naming conventions
+- Preserve export patterns for compatibility
+
+### ❌ Premature Abstraction
+
+- Only extract when there's clear complexity benefit
+- Don't create abstractions for single-use code
+- Keep refactored code in the same domain area
+
+## References
+
+### Dify Codebase Examples
+
+- **Hook extraction**: `web/app/components/app/configuration/hooks/`
+- **Component splitting**: `web/app/components/app/configuration/`
+- **Service hooks**: `web/service/use-*.ts`
+- **Workflow patterns**: `web/app/components/workflow/hooks/`
+- **Form patterns**: `web/app/components/base/form/`
+
+### Related Skills
+
+- `frontend-testing` - For testing refactored components
+- `web/docs/test.md` - Testing specification

.agents/skills/component-refactoring/references/hook-extraction.md

@@ -155,48 +155,14 @@ const Configuration: FC = () => {
 
 ## Common Hook Patterns in Dify
 
-### 1. Data Fetching Hook (React Query)
+### 1. Data Fetching / Mutation Hooks
 
-```typescript
-// Pattern: Use @tanstack/react-query for data fetching
-import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query'
-import { get } from '@/service/base'
-import { useInvalid } from '@/service/use-base'
+When hook extraction touches query or mutation code, do not use this reference as the source of truth for data-layer patterns.
 
-const NAME_SPACE = 'appConfig'
-
-// Query keys for cache management
-export const appConfigQueryKeys = {
-  detail: (appId: string) => [NAME_SPACE, 'detail', appId] as const,
-}
-
-// Main data hook
-export const useAppConfig = (appId: string) => {
-  return useQuery({
-    enabled: !!appId,
-    queryKey: appConfigQueryKeys.detail(appId),
-    queryFn: () => get<AppDetailResponse>(`/apps/${appId}`),
-    select: data => data?.model_config || null,
-  })
-}
-
-// Invalidation hook for refreshing data
-export const useInvalidAppConfig = () => {
-  return useInvalid([NAME_SPACE])
-}
-
-// Usage in component
-const Component = () => {
-  const { data: config, isLoading, error, refetch } = useAppConfig(appId)
-  const invalidAppConfig = useInvalidAppConfig()
-  
-  const handleRefresh = () => {
-    invalidAppConfig() // Invalidates cache and triggers refetch
-  }
-  
-  return <div>...</div>
-}
-```
+- Follow `web/AGENTS.md` first.
+- Use `frontend-query-mutation` for contracts, query shape, data-fetching wrappers, query/mutation call-site patterns, conditional queries, invalidation, and mutation error handling.
+- Do not introduce deprecated `useInvalid` / `useReset`.
+- Do not extract thin passthrough `useQuery` hooks; only extract orchestration hooks.
 
 ### 2. Form State Hook
 

.agents/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+---
+name: e2e-cucumber-playwright
+description: Write, update, or review Dify end-to-end tests under `e2e/` that use Cucumber, Gherkin, and Playwright. Use when the task involves `.feature` files, `features/step-definitions/`, `features/support/`, `DifyWorld`, scenario tags, locator/assertion choices, or E2E testing best practices for this repository.
+---
+
+# Dify E2E Cucumber + Playwright
+
+Use this skill for Dify's repository-level E2E suite in `e2e/`. Use [`e2e/AGENTS.md`](../../../e2e/AGENTS.md) as the canonical guide for local architecture and conventions, then apply Playwright/Cucumber best practices only where they fit the current suite.
+
+## Scope
+
+- Use this skill for `.feature` files, Cucumber step definitions, `DifyWorld`, hooks, tags, and E2E review work under `e2e/`.
+- Do not use this skill for Vitest or React Testing Library work under `web/`; use `frontend-testing` instead.
+- Do not use this skill for backend test or API review tasks under `api/`.
+
+## Read Order
+
+1. Read [`e2e/AGENTS.md`](../../../e2e/AGENTS.md) first.
+2. Read only the files directly involved in the task:
+   - target `.feature` files under `e2e/features/`
+   - related step files under `e2e/features/step-definitions/`
+   - `e2e/features/support/hooks.ts` and `e2e/features/support/world.ts` when session lifecycle or shared state matters
+   - `e2e/scripts/run-cucumber.ts` and `e2e/cucumber.config.ts` when tags or execution flow matter
+3. Read [`references/playwright-best-practices.md`](references/playwright-best-practices.md) only when locator, assertion, isolation, or waiting choices are involved.
+4. Read [`references/cucumber-best-practices.md`](references/cucumber-best-practices.md) only when scenario wording, step granularity, tags, or expression design are involved.
+5. Re-check official docs with Context7 before introducing a new Playwright or Cucumber pattern.
+
+## Local Rules
+
+- `e2e/` uses Cucumber for scenarios and Playwright as the browser layer.
+- `DifyWorld` is the per-scenario context object. Type `this` as `DifyWorld` and use `async function`, not arrow functions.
+- Keep glue organized by capability under `e2e/features/step-definitions/`; use `common/` only for broadly reusable steps.
+- Browser session behavior comes from `features/support/hooks.ts`:
+  - default: authenticated session with shared storage state
+  - `@unauthenticated`: clean browser context
+  - `@authenticated`: readability/selective-run tag only unless implementation changes
+  - `@fresh`: only for `e2e:full*` flows
+- Do not import Playwright Test runner patterns that bypass the current Cucumber + `DifyWorld` architecture unless the task is explicitly about changing that architecture.
+
+## Workflow
+
+1. Rebuild local context.
+   - Inspect the target feature area.
+   - Reuse an existing step when wording and behavior already match.
+   - Add a new step only for a genuinely new user action or assertion.
+   - Keep edits close to the current capability folder unless the step is broadly reusable.
+2. Write behavior-first scenarios.
+   - Describe user-observable behavior, not DOM mechanics.
+   - Keep each scenario focused on one workflow or outcome.
+   - Keep scenarios independent and re-runnable.
+3. Write step definitions in the local style.
+   - Keep one step to one user-visible action or one assertion.
+   - Prefer Cucumber Expressions such as `{string}` and `{int}`.
+   - Scope locators to stable containers when the page has repeated elements.
+   - Avoid page-object layers or extra helper abstractions unless repeated complexity clearly justifies them.
+4. Use Playwright in the local style.
+   - Prefer user-facing locators: `getByRole`, `getByLabel`, `getByPlaceholder`, `getByText`, then `getByTestId` for explicit contracts.
+   - Use web-first `expect(...)` assertions.
+   - Do not use `waitForTimeout`, manual polling, or raw visibility checks when a locator action or retrying assertion already expresses the behavior.
+5. Validate narrowly.
+   - Run the narrowest tagged scenario or flow that exercises the change.
+   - Run `pnpm -C e2e check`.
+   - Broaden verification only when the change affects hooks, tags, setup, or shared step semantics.
+
+## Review Checklist
+
+- Does the scenario describe behavior rather than implementation?
+- Does it fit the current session model, tags, and `DifyWorld` usage?
+- Should an existing step be reused instead of adding a new one?
+- Are locators user-facing and assertions web-first?
+- Does the change introduce hidden coupling across scenarios, tags, or instance state?
+- Does it document or implement behavior that differs from the real hooks or configuration?
+
+Lead findings with correctness, flake risk, and architecture drift.
+
+## References
+
+- [`references/playwright-best-practices.md`](references/playwright-best-practices.md)
+- [`references/cucumber-best-practices.md`](references/cucumber-best-practices.md)

.agents/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright/agents/openai.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+interface:
+  display_name: "E2E Cucumber + Playwright"
+  short_description: "Write and review Dify E2E scenarios."
+  default_prompt: "Use $e2e-cucumber-playwright to write or review a Dify E2E scenario under e2e/."

.agents/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright/references/cucumber-best-practices.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# Cucumber Best Practices For Dify E2E
+
+Use this reference when writing or reviewing Gherkin scenarios, step definitions, parameter expressions, and step reuse in Dify's `e2e/` suite.
+
+Official sources:
+
+- https://cucumber.io/docs/guides/10-minute-tutorial/
+- https://cucumber.io/docs/cucumber/step-definitions/
+- https://cucumber.io/docs/cucumber/cucumber-expressions/
+
+## What Matters Most
+
+### 1. Treat scenarios as executable specifications
+
+Cucumber scenarios should describe examples of behavior, not test implementation recipes.
+
+Apply it like this:
+
+- write what the user does and what should happen
+- avoid UI-internal wording such as selector details, DOM structure, or component names
+- keep language concrete enough that the scenario reads like living documentation
+
+### 2. Keep scenarios focused
+
+A scenario should usually prove one workflow or business outcome. If a scenario wanders across several unrelated behaviors, split it.
+
+In Dify's suite, this means:
+
+- one capability-focused scenario per feature path
+- no long setup chains when existing bootstrap or reusable steps already cover them
+- no hidden dependency on another scenario's side effects
+
+### 3. Reuse steps, but only when behavior really matches
+
+Good reuse reduces duplication. Bad reuse hides meaning.
+
+Prefer reuse when:
+
+- the user action is genuinely the same
+- the expected outcome is genuinely the same
+- the wording stays natural across features
+
+Write a new step when:
+
+- the behavior is materially different
+- reusing the old wording would make the scenario misleading
+- a supposedly generic step would become an implementation-detail wrapper
+
+### 4. Prefer Cucumber Expressions
+
+Use Cucumber Expressions for parameters unless regex is clearly necessary.
+
+Common examples:
+
+- `{string}` for labels, names, and visible text
+- `{int}` for counts
+- `{float}` for decimal values
+- `{word}` only when the value is truly a single token
+
+Keep expressions readable. If a step needs complicated parsing logic, first ask whether the scenario wording should be simpler.
+
+### 5. Keep step definitions thin and meaningful
+
+Step definitions are glue between Gherkin and automation, not a second abstraction language.
+
+For Dify:
+
+- type `this` as `DifyWorld`
+- use `async function`
+- keep each step to one user-visible action or assertion
+- rely on `DifyWorld` and existing support code for shared context
+- avoid leaking cross-scenario state
+
+### 6. Use tags intentionally
+
+Tags should communicate run scope or session semantics, not become ad hoc metadata.
+
+In Dify's current suite:
+
+- capability tags group related scenarios
+- `@unauthenticated` changes session behavior
+- `@authenticated` is descriptive/selective, not a behavior switch by itself
+- `@fresh` belongs to reset/full-install flows only
+
+If a proposed tag implies behavior, verify that hooks or runner configuration actually implement it.
+
+## Review Questions
+
+- Does the scenario read like a real example of product behavior?
+- Are the steps behavior-oriented instead of implementation-oriented?
+- Is a reused step still truthful in this feature?
+- Is a new tag documenting real behavior, or inventing semantics that the suite does not implement?
+- Would a new reader understand the outcome without opening the step-definition file?

.agents/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright/references/playwright-best-practices.md

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Playwright Best Practices For Dify E2E
+
+Use this reference when writing or reviewing locator, assertion, isolation, or synchronization logic for Dify's Cucumber-based E2E suite.
+
+Official sources:
+
+- https://playwright.dev/docs/best-practices
+- https://playwright.dev/docs/locators
+- https://playwright.dev/docs/test-assertions
+- https://playwright.dev/docs/browser-contexts
+
+## What Matters Most
+
+### 1. Keep scenarios isolated
+
+Playwright's model is built around clean browser contexts so one test does not leak into another. In Dify's suite, that principle maps to per-scenario session setup in `features/support/hooks.ts` and `DifyWorld`.
+
+Apply it like this:
+
+- do not depend on another scenario having run first
+- do not persist ad hoc scenario state outside `DifyWorld`
+- do not couple ordinary scenarios to `@fresh` behavior
+- when a flow needs special auth/session semantics, express that through the existing tag model or explicit hook changes
+
+### 2. Prefer user-facing locators
+
+Playwright recommends built-in locators that reflect what users perceive on the page.
+
+Preferred order in this repository:
+
+1. `getByRole`
+2. `getByLabel`
+3. `getByPlaceholder`
+4. `getByText`
+5. `getByTestId` when an explicit test contract is the most stable option
+
+Avoid raw CSS/XPath selectors unless no stable user-facing contract exists and adding one is not practical.
+
+Also remember:
+
+- repeated content usually needs scoping to a stable container
+- exact text matching is often too brittle when role/name or label already exists
+- `getByTestId` is acceptable when semantics are weak but the contract is intentional
+
+### 3. Use web-first assertions
+
+Playwright assertions auto-wait and retry. Prefer them over manual state inspection.
+
+Prefer:
+
+- `await expect(page).toHaveURL(...)`
+- `await expect(locator).toBeVisible()`
+- `await expect(locator).toBeHidden()`
+- `await expect(locator).toBeEnabled()`
+- `await expect(locator).toHaveText(...)`
+
+Avoid:
+
+- `expect(await locator.isVisible()).toBe(true)`
+- custom polling loops for DOM state
+- `waitForTimeout` as synchronization
+
+If a condition genuinely needs custom retry logic, use Playwright's polling/assertion tools deliberately and keep that choice local and explicit.
+
+### 4. Let actions wait for actionability
+
+Locator actions already wait for the element to be actionable. Do not preface every click/fill with extra timing logic unless the action needs a specific visible/ready assertion for clarity.
+
+Good pattern:
+
+- assert a meaningful visible state when that is part of the behavior
+- then click/fill/select via locator APIs
+
+Bad pattern:
+
+- stack arbitrary waits before every action
+- wait on unstable implementation details instead of the visible state the user cares about
+
+### 5. Match debugging to the current suite
+
+Playwright's wider ecosystem supports traces and rich debugging tools. Dify's current suite already captures:
+
+- full-page screenshots
+- page HTML
+- console errors
+- page errors
+
+Use the existing artifact flow by default. If a task is specifically about improving diagnostics, confirm the change fits the current Cucumber architecture before importing broader Playwright tooling.
+
+## Review Questions
+
+- Would this locator survive DOM refactors that do not change user-visible behavior?
+- Is this assertion using Playwright's retrying semantics?
+- Is any explicit wait masking a real readiness problem?
+- Does this code preserve per-scenario isolation?
+- Is a new abstraction really needed, or does it bypass the existing `DifyWorld` + step-definition model?

.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+name: frontend-query-mutation
+description: Guide for implementing Dify frontend query and mutation patterns with TanStack Query and oRPC. Trigger when creating or updating contracts in web/contract, wiring router composition, consuming consoleQuery or marketplaceQuery in components or services, deciding whether to call queryOptions() directly or extract a helper or use-* hook, handling conditional queries, cache invalidation, mutation error handling, or migrating legacy service calls to contract-first query and mutation helpers.
+---
+
+# Frontend Query & Mutation
+
+## Intent
+
+- Keep contract as the single source of truth in `web/contract/*`.
+- Prefer contract-shaped `queryOptions()` and `mutationOptions()`.
+- Keep invalidation and mutation flow knowledge in the service layer.
+- Keep abstractions minimal to preserve TypeScript inference.
+
+## Workflow
+
+1. Identify the change surface.
+   - Read `references/contract-patterns.md` for contract files, router composition, client helpers, and query or mutation call-site shape.
+   - Read `references/runtime-rules.md` for conditional queries, invalidation, error handling, and legacy migrations.
+   - Read both references when a task spans contract shape and runtime behavior.
+2. Implement the smallest abstraction that fits the task.
+   - Default to direct `useQuery(...)` or `useMutation(...)` calls with oRPC helpers at the call site.
+   - Extract a small shared query helper only when multiple call sites share the same extra options.
+   - Create `web/service/use-{domain}.ts` only for orchestration or shared domain behavior.
+3. Preserve Dify conventions.
+   - Keep contract inputs in `{ params, query?, body? }` shape.
+   - Bind invalidation in the service-layer mutation definition.
+   - Prefer `mutate(...)`; use `mutateAsync(...)` only when Promise semantics are required.
+
+## Files Commonly Touched
+
+- `web/contract/console/*.ts`
+- `web/contract/marketplace.ts`
+- `web/contract/router.ts`
+- `web/service/client.ts`
+- `web/service/use-*.ts`
+- component and hook call sites using `consoleQuery` or `marketplaceQuery`
+
+## References
+
+- Use `references/contract-patterns.md` for contract shape, router registration, query and mutation helpers, and anti-patterns that degrade inference.
+- Use `references/runtime-rules.md` for conditional queries, invalidation, `mutate` versus `mutateAsync`, and legacy migration rules.
+
+Treat this skill as the single query and mutation entry point for Dify frontend work. Keep detailed rules in the reference files instead of duplicating them in project docs.

.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation/agents/openai.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+interface:
+  display_name: "Frontend Query & Mutation"
+  short_description: "Dify TanStack Query and oRPC patterns"
+  default_prompt: "Use this skill when implementing or reviewing Dify frontend contracts, query and mutation call sites, conditional queries, invalidation, or legacy query/mutation migrations."

.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation/references/contract-patterns.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Contract Patterns
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- Intent
+- Minimal structure
+- Core workflow
+- Query usage decision rule
+- Mutation usage decision rule
+- Anti-patterns
+- Contract rules
+- Type export
+
+## Intent
+
+- Keep contract as the single source of truth in `web/contract/*`.
+- Default query usage to call-site `useQuery(consoleQuery|marketplaceQuery.xxx.queryOptions(...))` when endpoint behavior maps 1:1 to the contract.
+- Keep abstractions minimal and preserve TypeScript inference.
+
+## Minimal Structure
+
+```text
+web/contract/
+├── base.ts
+├── router.ts
+├── marketplace.ts
+└── console/
+    ├── billing.ts
+    └── ...other domains
+web/service/client.ts
+```
+
+## Core Workflow
+
+1. Define contract in `web/contract/console/{domain}.ts` or `web/contract/marketplace.ts`.
+   - Use `base.route({...}).output(type<...>())` as the baseline.
+   - Add `.input(type<...>())` only when the request has `params`, `query`, or `body`.
+   - For `GET` without input, omit `.input(...)`; do not use `.input(type<unknown>())`.
+2. Register contract in `web/contract/router.ts`.
+   - Import directly from domain files and nest by API prefix.
+3. Consume from UI call sites via oRPC query utilities.
+
+```typescript
+import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+import { consoleQuery } from '@/service/client'
+
+const invoiceQuery = useQuery(consoleQuery.billing.invoices.queryOptions({
+  staleTime: 5 * 60 * 1000,
+  throwOnError: true,
+  select: invoice => invoice.url,
+}))
+```
+
+## Query Usage Decision Rule
+
+1. Default to direct `*.queryOptions(...)` usage at the call site.
+2. If 3 or more call sites share the same extra options, extract a small query helper, not a `use-*` passthrough hook.
+3. Create `web/service/use-{domain}.ts` only for orchestration.
+   - Combine multiple queries or mutations.
+   - Share domain-level derived state or invalidation helpers.
+
+```typescript
+const invoicesBaseQueryOptions = () =>
+  consoleQuery.billing.invoices.queryOptions({ retry: false })
+
+const invoiceQuery = useQuery({
+  ...invoicesBaseQueryOptions(),
+  throwOnError: true,
+})
+```
+
+## Mutation Usage Decision Rule
+
+1. Default to mutation helpers from `consoleQuery` or `marketplaceQuery`, for example `useMutation(consoleQuery.billing.bindPartnerStack.mutationOptions(...))`.
+2. If the mutation flow is heavily custom, use oRPC clients as `mutationFn`, for example `consoleClient.xxx` or `marketplaceClient.xxx`, instead of handwritten non-oRPC mutation logic.
+
+## Anti-Patterns
+
+- Do not wrap `useQuery` with `options?: Partial<UseQueryOptions>`.
+- Do not split local `queryKey` and `queryFn` when oRPC `queryOptions` already exists and fits the use case.
+- Do not create thin `use-*` passthrough hooks for a single endpoint.
+- These patterns can degrade inference, especially around `throwOnError` and `select`, and add unnecessary indirection.
+
+## Contract Rules
+
+- Input structure: always use `{ params, query?, body? }`.
+- No-input `GET`: omit `.input(...)`; do not use `.input(type<unknown>())`.
+- Path params: use `{paramName}` in the path and match it in the `params` object.
+- Router nesting: group by API prefix, for example `/billing/*` becomes `billing: {}`.
+- No barrel files: import directly from specific files.
+- Types: import from `@/types/` and use the `type<T>()` helper.
+- Mutations: prefer `mutationOptions`; use explicit `mutationKey` mainly for defaults, filtering, and devtools.
+
+## Type Export
+
+```typescript
+export type ConsoleInputs = InferContractRouterInputs<typeof consoleRouterContract>
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation/references/runtime-rules.md

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# Runtime Rules
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- Conditional queries
+- Cache invalidation
+- Key API guide
+- `mutate` vs `mutateAsync`
+- Legacy migration
+
+## Conditional Queries
+
+Prefer contract-shaped `queryOptions(...)`.
+When required input is missing, prefer `input: skipToken` instead of placeholder params or non-null assertions.
+Use `enabled` only for extra business gating after the input itself is already valid.
+
+```typescript
+import { skipToken, useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+
+// Disable the query by skipping input construction.
+function useAccessMode(appId: string | undefined) {
+  return useQuery(consoleQuery.accessControl.appAccessMode.queryOptions({
+    input: appId
+      ? { params: { appId } }
+      : skipToken,
+  }))
+}
+
+// Avoid runtime-only guards that bypass type checking.
+function useBadAccessMode(appId: string | undefined) {
+  return useQuery(consoleQuery.accessControl.appAccessMode.queryOptions({
+    input: { params: { appId: appId! } },
+    enabled: !!appId,
+  }))
+}
+```
+
+## Cache Invalidation
+
+Bind invalidation in the service-layer mutation definition.
+Components may add UI feedback in call-site callbacks, but they should not decide which queries to invalidate.
+
+Use:
+
+- `.key()` for namespace or prefix invalidation
+- `.queryKey(...)` only for exact cache reads or writes such as `getQueryData` and `setQueryData`
+- `queryClient.invalidateQueries(...)` in mutation `onSuccess`
+
+Do not use deprecated `useInvalid` from `use-base.ts`.
+
+```typescript
+// Service layer owns cache invalidation.
+export const useUpdateAccessMode = () => {
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
+
+  return useMutation(consoleQuery.accessControl.updateAccessMode.mutationOptions({
+    onSuccess: () => {
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: consoleQuery.accessControl.appWhitelistSubjects.key(),
+      })
+    },
+  }))
+}
+
+// Component only adds UI behavior.
+updateAccessMode({ appId, mode }, {
+  onSuccess: () => toast.success('...'),
+})
+
+// Avoid putting invalidation knowledge in the component.
+mutate({ appId, mode }, {
+  onSuccess: () => {
+    queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+      queryKey: consoleQuery.accessControl.appWhitelistSubjects.key(),
+    })
+  },
+})
+```
+
+## Key API Guide
+
+- `.key(...)`
+  - Use for partial matching operations.
+  - Prefer it for invalidation, refetch, and cancel patterns.
+  - Example: `queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: consoleQuery.billing.key() })`
+- `.queryKey(...)`
+  - Use for a specific query's full key.
+  - Prefer it for exact cache addressing and direct reads or writes.
+- `.mutationKey(...)`
+  - Use for a specific mutation's full key.
+  - Prefer it for mutation defaults registration, mutation-status filtering, and devtools grouping.
+
+## `mutate` vs `mutateAsync`
+
+Prefer `mutate` by default.
+Use `mutateAsync` only when Promise semantics are truly required, such as parallel mutations or sequential steps with result dependencies.
+
+Rules:
+
+- Event handlers should usually call `mutate(...)` with `onSuccess` or `onError`.
+- Every `await mutateAsync(...)` must be wrapped in `try/catch`.
+- Do not use `mutateAsync` when callbacks already express the flow clearly.
+
+```typescript
+// Default case.
+mutation.mutate(data, {
+  onSuccess: result => router.push(result.url),
+})
+
+// Promise semantics are required.
+try {
+  const order = await createOrder.mutateAsync(orderData)
+  await confirmPayment.mutateAsync({ orderId: order.id, token })
+  router.push(`/orders/${order.id}`)
+}
+catch (error) {
+  toast.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error')
+}
+```
+
+## Legacy Migration
+
+When touching old code, migrate it toward these rules:
+
+| Old pattern | New pattern |
+|---|---|
+| `useInvalid(key)` in service layer | `queryClient.invalidateQueries(...)` inside mutation `onSuccess` |
+| component-triggered invalidation after mutation | move invalidation into the service-layer mutation definition |
+| imperative fetch plus manual invalidation | wrap it in `useMutation(...mutationOptions(...))` |
+| `await mutateAsync()` without `try/catch` | switch to `mutate(...)` or add `try/catch` |

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+---
+name: frontend-testing
+description: Generate Vitest + React Testing Library tests for Dify frontend components, hooks, and utilities. Triggers on testing, spec files, coverage, Vitest, RTL, unit tests, integration tests, or write/review test requests.
+---
+
+# Dify Frontend Testing Skill
+
+This skill enables Claude to generate high-quality, comprehensive frontend tests for the Dify project following established conventions and best practices.
+
+> **⚠️ Authoritative Source**: This skill is derived from `web/docs/test.md`. Use Vitest mock/timer APIs (`vi.*`).
+
+## When to Apply This Skill
+
+Apply this skill when the user:
+
+- Asks to **write tests** for a component, hook, or utility
+- Asks to **review existing tests** for completeness
+- Mentions **Vitest**, **React Testing Library**, **RTL**, or **spec files**
+- Requests **test coverage** improvement
+- Uses `pnpm analyze-component` output as context
+- Mentions **testing**, **unit tests**, or **integration tests** for frontend code
+- Wants to understand **testing patterns** in the Dify codebase
+
+**Do NOT apply** when:
+
+- User is asking about backend/API tests (Python/pytest)
+- User is asking about E2E tests (Playwright/Cypress)
+- User is only asking conceptual questions without code context
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+### Tech Stack
+
+| Tool | Version | Purpose |
+|------|---------|---------|
+| Vitest | 4.0.16 | Test runner |
+| React Testing Library | 16.0 | Component testing |
+| jsdom | - | Test environment |
+| nock | 14.0 | HTTP mocking |
+| TypeScript | 5.x | Type safety |
+
+### Key Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests
+pnpm test
+
+# Watch mode
+pnpm test:watch
+
+# Run specific file
+pnpm test path/to/file.spec.tsx
+
+# Generate coverage report
+pnpm test:coverage
+
+# Analyze component complexity
+pnpm analyze-component <path>
+
+# Review existing test
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --review
+```
+
+### File Naming
+
+- Test files: `ComponentName.spec.tsx` inside a same-level `__tests__/` directory
+- Placement rule: Component, hook, and utility tests must live in a sibling `__tests__/` folder at the same level as the source under test. For example, `foo/index.tsx` maps to `foo/__tests__/index.spec.tsx`, and `foo/bar.ts` maps to `foo/__tests__/bar.spec.ts`.
+- Integration tests: `web/__tests__/` directory
+
+## Test Structure Template
+
+```typescript
+import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import Component from './index'
+
+// ✅ Import real project components (DO NOT mock these)
+// import Loading from '@/app/components/base/loading'
+// import { ChildComponent } from './child-component'
+
+// ✅ Mock external dependencies only
+vi.mock('@/service/api')
+vi.mock('next/navigation', () => ({
+  useRouter: () => ({ push: vi.fn() }),
+  usePathname: () => '/test',
+}))
+
+// ✅ Zustand stores: Use real stores (auto-mocked globally)
+// Set test state with: useAppStore.setState({ ... })
+
+// Shared state for mocks (if needed)
+let mockSharedState = false
+
+describe('ComponentName', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()  // ✅ Reset mocks BEFORE each test
+    mockSharedState = false  // ✅ Reset shared state
+  })
+
+  // Rendering tests (REQUIRED)
+  describe('Rendering', () => {
+    it('should render without crashing', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const props = { title: 'Test' }
+      
+      // Act
+      render(<Component {...props} />)
+      
+      // Assert
+      expect(screen.getByText('Test')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // Props tests (REQUIRED)
+  describe('Props', () => {
+    it('should apply custom className', () => {
+      render(<Component className="custom" />)
+      expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toHaveClass('custom')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // User Interactions
+  describe('User Interactions', () => {
+    it('should handle click events', () => {
+      const handleClick = vi.fn()
+      render(<Component onClick={handleClick} />)
+      
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
+      
+      expect(handleClick).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    })
+  })
+
+  // Edge Cases (REQUIRED)
+  describe('Edge Cases', () => {
+    it('should handle null data', () => {
+      render(<Component data={null} />)
+      expect(screen.getByText(/no data/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should handle empty array', () => {
+      render(<Component items={[]} />)
+      expect(screen.getByText(/empty/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Testing Workflow (CRITICAL)
+
+### ⚠️ Incremental Approach Required
+
+**NEVER generate all test files at once.** For complex components or multi-file directories:
+
+1. **Analyze & Plan**: List all files, order by complexity (simple → complex)
+1. **Process ONE at a time**: Write test → Run test → Fix if needed → Next
+1. **Verify before proceeding**: Do NOT continue to next file until current passes
+
+```
+For each file:
+  ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ 1. Write test                          │
+  │ 2. Run: pnpm test <file>.spec.tsx      │
+  │ 3. PASS? → Mark complete, next file    │
+  │    FAIL? → Fix first, then continue    │
+  └────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Complexity-Based Order
+
+Process in this order for multi-file testing:
+
+1. 🟢 Utility functions (simplest)
+1. 🟢 Custom hooks
+1. 🟡 Simple components (presentational)
+1. 🟡 Medium components (state, effects)
+1. 🔴 Complex components (API, routing)
+1. 🔴 Integration tests (index files - last)
+
+### When to Refactor First
+
+- **Complexity > 50**: Break into smaller pieces before testing
+- **500+ lines**: Consider splitting before testing
+- **Many dependencies**: Extract logic into hooks first
+
+> 📖 See `references/workflow.md` for complete workflow details and todo list format.
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+### Path-Level Testing (Directory Testing)
+
+When assigned to test a directory/path, test **ALL content** within that path:
+
+- Test all components, hooks, utilities in the directory (not just `index` file)
+- Use incremental approach: one file at a time, verify each before proceeding
+- Goal: 100% coverage of ALL files in the directory
+
+### Integration Testing First
+
+**Prefer integration testing** when writing tests for a directory:
+
+- ✅ **Import real project components** directly (including base components and siblings)
+- ✅ **Only mock**: API services (`@/service/*`), `next/navigation`, complex context providers
+- ❌ **DO NOT mock** base components (`@/app/components/base/*`)
+- ❌ **DO NOT mock** sibling/child components in the same directory
+
+> See [Test Structure Template](#test-structure-template) for correct import/mock patterns.
+
+### `nuqs` Query State Testing (Required for URL State Hooks)
+
+When a component or hook uses `useQueryState` / `useQueryStates`:
+
+- ✅ Use `NuqsTestingAdapter` (prefer shared helpers in `web/test/nuqs-testing.tsx`)
+- ✅ Assert URL synchronization via `onUrlUpdate` (`searchParams`, `options.history`)
+- ✅ For custom parsers (`createParser`), keep `parse` and `serialize` bijective and add round-trip edge cases (`%2F`, `%25`, spaces, legacy encoded values)
+- ✅ Verify default-clearing behavior (default values should be removed from URL when applicable)
+- ⚠️ Only mock `nuqs` directly when URL behavior is explicitly out of scope for the test
+
+## Core Principles
+
+### 1. AAA Pattern (Arrange-Act-Assert)
+
+Every test should clearly separate:
+
+- **Arrange**: Setup test data and render component
+- **Act**: Perform user actions
+- **Assert**: Verify expected outcomes
+
+### 2. Black-Box Testing
+
+- Test observable behavior, not implementation details
+- Use semantic queries (getByRole, getByLabelText)
+- Avoid testing internal state directly
+- **Prefer pattern matching over hardcoded strings** in assertions:
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Avoid: hardcoded text assertions
+expect(screen.getByText('Loading...')).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+// ✅ Better: role-based queries
+expect(screen.getByRole('status')).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+// ✅ Better: pattern matching
+expect(screen.getByText(/loading/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+```
+
+### 3. Single Behavior Per Test
+
+Each test verifies ONE user-observable behavior:
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Good: One behavior
+it('should disable button when loading', () => {
+  render(<Button loading />)
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toBeDisabled()
+})
+
+// ❌ Bad: Multiple behaviors
+it('should handle loading state', () => {
+  render(<Button loading />)
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toBeDisabled()
+  expect(screen.getByText('Loading...')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toHaveClass('loading')
+})
+```
+
+### 4. Semantic Naming
+
+Use `should <behavior> when <condition>`:
+
+```typescript
+it('should show error message when validation fails')
+it('should call onSubmit when form is valid')
+it('should disable input when isReadOnly is true')
+```
+
+## Required Test Scenarios
+
+### Always Required (All Components)
+
+1. **Rendering**: Component renders without crashing
+1. **Props**: Required props, optional props, default values
+1. **Edge Cases**: null, undefined, empty values, boundary conditions
+
+### Conditional (When Present)
+
+| Feature | Test Focus |
+|---------|-----------|
+| `useState` | Initial state, transitions, cleanup |
+| `useEffect` | Execution, dependencies, cleanup |
+| Event handlers | All onClick, onChange, onSubmit, keyboard |
+| API calls | Loading, success, error states |
+| Routing | Navigation, params, query strings |
+| `useCallback`/`useMemo` | Referential equality |
+| Context | Provider values, consumer behavior |
+| Forms | Validation, submission, error display |
+
+## Coverage Goals (Per File)
+
+For each test file generated, aim for:
+
+- ✅ **100%** function coverage
+- ✅ **100%** statement coverage
+- ✅ **>95%** branch coverage
+- ✅ **>95%** line coverage
+
+> **Note**: For multi-file directories, process one file at a time with full coverage each. See `references/workflow.md`.
+
+## Detailed Guides
+
+For more detailed information, refer to:
+
+- `references/workflow.md` - **Incremental testing workflow** (MUST READ for multi-file testing)
+- `references/mocking.md` - Mock patterns, Zustand store testing, and best practices
+- `references/async-testing.md` - Async operations and API calls
+- `references/domain-components.md` - Workflow, Dataset, Configuration testing
+- `references/common-patterns.md` - Frequently used testing patterns
+- `references/checklist.md` - Test generation checklist and validation steps
+
+## Authoritative References
+
+### Primary Specification (MUST follow)
+
+- **`web/docs/test.md`** - The canonical testing specification. This skill is derived from this document.
+
+### Reference Examples in Codebase
+
+- `web/utils/classnames.spec.ts` - Utility function tests
+- `web/app/components/base/button/index.spec.tsx` - Component tests
+- `web/__mocks__/provider-context.ts` - Mock factory example
+
+### Project Configuration
+
+- `web/vitest.config.ts` - Vitest configuration
+- `web/vitest.setup.ts` - Test environment setup
+- `web/scripts/analyze-component.js` - Component analysis tool
+- Modules are not mocked automatically. Global mocks live in `web/vitest.setup.ts` (for example `react-i18next`, `next/image`); mock other modules like `ky` or `mime` locally in test files.

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/assets/component-test.template.tsx

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
 // Router (if component uses useRouter, usePathname, useSearchParams)
 // WHY: Isolates tests from Next.js routing, enables testing navigation behavior
 // const mockPush = vi.fn()
-// vi.mock('next/navigation', () => ({
+// vi.mock('@/next/navigation', () => ({
 //   useRouter: () => ({ push: mockPush }),
 //   usePathname: () => '/test-path',
 // }))

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/references/checklist.md

@@ -80,6 +80,9 @@ Use this checklist when generating or reviewing tests for Dify frontend componen
 - [ ] Router mocks match actual Next.js API
 - [ ] Mocks reflect actual component conditional behavior
 - [ ] Only mock: API services, complex context providers, third-party libs
+- [ ] For `nuqs` URL-state tests, wrap with `NuqsTestingAdapter` (prefer `web/test/nuqs-testing.tsx`)
+- [ ] For `nuqs` URL-state tests, assert `onUrlUpdate` payload (`searchParams`, `options.history`)
+- [ ] If custom `nuqs` parser exists, add round-trip tests for encoded edge cases (`%2F`, `%25`, spaces, legacy encoded values)
 
 ### Queries
 

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/references/mocking.md

@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+# Mocking Guide for Dify Frontend Tests
+
+## ⚠️ Important: What NOT to Mock
+
+### DO NOT Mock Base Components
+
+**Never mock components from `@/app/components/base/`** such as:
+
+- `Loading`, `Spinner`
+- `Button`, `Input`, `Select`
+- `Tooltip`, `Modal`, `Dropdown`
+- `Icon`, `Badge`, `Tag`
+
+**Why?**
+
+- Base components will have their own dedicated tests
+- Mocking them creates false positives (tests pass but real integration fails)
+- Using real components tests actual integration behavior
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ WRONG: Don't mock base components
+vi.mock('@/app/components/base/loading', () => () => <div>Loading</div>)
+vi.mock('@/app/components/base/button', () => ({ children }: any) => <button>{children}</button>)
+
+// ✅ CORRECT: Import and use real base components
+import Loading from '@/app/components/base/loading'
+import Button from '@/app/components/base/button'
+// They will render normally in tests
+```
+
+### What TO Mock
+
+Only mock these categories:
+
+1. **API services** (`@/service/*`) - Network calls
+1. **Complex context providers** - When setup is too difficult
+1. **Third-party libraries with side effects** - `next/navigation`, external SDKs
+1. **i18n** - Always mock to return keys
+
+### Zustand Stores - DO NOT Mock Manually
+
+**Zustand is globally mocked** in `web/vitest.setup.ts`. Use real stores with `setState()`:
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ CORRECT: Use real store, set test state
+import { useAppStore } from '@/app/components/app/store'
+
+useAppStore.setState({ appDetail: { id: 'test', name: 'Test' } })
+render(<MyComponent />)
+
+// ❌ WRONG: Don't mock the store module
+vi.mock('@/app/components/app/store', () => ({ ... }))
+```
+
+See [Zustand Store Testing](#zustand-store-testing) section for full details.
+
+## Mock Placement
+
+| Location | Purpose |
+|----------|---------|
+| `web/vitest.setup.ts` | Global mocks shared by all tests (`react-i18next`, `next/image`, `zustand`) |
+| `web/__mocks__/zustand.ts` | Zustand mock implementation (auto-resets stores after each test) |
+| `web/__mocks__/` | Reusable mock factories shared across multiple test files |
+| Test file | Test-specific mocks, inline with `vi.mock()` |
+
+Modules are not mocked automatically. Use `vi.mock` in test files, or add global mocks in `web/vitest.setup.ts`.
+
+**Note**: Zustand is special - it's globally mocked but you should NOT mock store modules manually. See [Zustand Store Testing](#zustand-store-testing).
+
+## Essential Mocks
+
+### 1. i18n (Auto-loaded via Global Mock)
+
+A global mock is defined in `web/vitest.setup.ts` and is auto-loaded by Vitest setup.
+
+The global mock provides:
+
+- `useTranslation` - returns translation keys with namespace prefix
+- `Trans` component - renders i18nKey and components
+- `useMixedTranslation` (from `@/app/components/plugins/marketplace/hooks`)
+- `useGetLanguage` (from `@/context/i18n`) - returns `'en-US'`
+
+**Default behavior**: Most tests should use the global mock (no local override needed).
+
+**For custom translations**: Use the helper function from `@/test/i18n-mock`:
+
+```typescript
+import { createReactI18nextMock } from '@/test/i18n-mock'
+
+vi.mock('react-i18next', () => createReactI18nextMock({
+  'my.custom.key': 'Custom translation',
+  'button.save': 'Save',
+}))
+```
+
+**Avoid**: Manually defining `useTranslation` mocks that just return the key - the global mock already does this.
+
+### 2. Next.js Router
+
+```typescript
+const mockPush = vi.fn()
+const mockReplace = vi.fn()
+
+vi.mock('next/navigation', () => ({
+  useRouter: () => ({
+    push: mockPush,
+    replace: mockReplace,
+    back: vi.fn(),
+    prefetch: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+  usePathname: () => '/current-path',
+  useSearchParams: () => new URLSearchParams('?key=value'),
+}))
+
+describe('Component', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  it('should navigate on click', () => {
+    render(<Component />)
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
+    expect(mockPush).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/expected-path')
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 2.1 `nuqs` Query State (Preferred: Testing Adapter)
+
+For tests that validate URL query behavior, use `NuqsTestingAdapter` instead of mocking `nuqs` directly.
+
+```typescript
+import { renderHookWithNuqs } from '@/test/nuqs-testing'
+
+it('should sync query to URL with push history', async () => {
+  const { result, onUrlUpdate } = renderHookWithNuqs(() => useMyQueryState(), {
+    searchParams: '?page=1',
+  })
+
+  act(() => {
+    result.current.setQuery({ page: 2 })
+  })
+
+  await waitFor(() => expect(onUrlUpdate).toHaveBeenCalled())
+  const update = onUrlUpdate.mock.calls[onUrlUpdate.mock.calls.length - 1][0]
+  expect(update.options.history).toBe('push')
+  expect(update.searchParams.get('page')).toBe('2')
+})
+```
+
+Use direct `vi.mock('nuqs')` only when URL synchronization is intentionally out of scope.
+
+### 3. Portal Components (with Shared State)
+
+```typescript
+// ⚠️ Important: Use shared state for components that depend on each other
+let mockPortalOpenState = false
+
+vi.mock('@/app/components/base/portal-to-follow-elem', () => ({
+  PortalToFollowElem: ({ children, open, ...props }: any) => {
+    mockPortalOpenState = open || false  // Update shared state
+    return <div data-testid="portal" data-open={open}>{children}</div>
+  },
+  PortalToFollowElemContent: ({ children }: any) => {
+    // ✅ Matches actual: returns null when portal is closed
+    if (!mockPortalOpenState) return null
+    return <div data-testid="portal-content">{children}</div>
+  },
+  PortalToFollowElemTrigger: ({ children }: any) => (
+    <div data-testid="portal-trigger">{children}</div>
+  ),
+}))
+
+describe('Component', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    mockPortalOpenState = false  // ✅ Reset shared state
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 4. API Service Mocks
+
+```typescript
+import * as api from '@/service/api'
+
+vi.mock('@/service/api')
+
+const mockedApi = vi.mocked(api)
+
+describe('Component', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    
+    // Setup default mock implementation
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ data: [] })
+  })
+
+  it('should show data on success', async () => {
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ data: [{ id: 1 }] })
+    
+    render(<Component />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('1')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('should show error on failure', async () => {
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'))
+    
+    render(<Component />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(/error/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 5. HTTP Mocking with Nock
+
+```typescript
+import nock from 'nock'
+
+const GITHUB_HOST = 'https://api.github.com'
+const GITHUB_PATH = '/repos/owner/repo'
+
+const mockGithubApi = (status: number, body: Record<string, unknown>, delayMs = 0) => {
+  return nock(GITHUB_HOST)
+    .get(GITHUB_PATH)
+    .delay(delayMs)
+    .reply(status, body)
+}
+
+describe('GithubComponent', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    nock.cleanAll()
+  })
+
+  it('should display repo info', async () => {
+    mockGithubApi(200, { name: 'dify', stars: 1000 })
+    
+    render(<GithubComponent />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('dify')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('should handle API error', async () => {
+    mockGithubApi(500, { message: 'Server error' })
+    
+    render(<GithubComponent />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(/error/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 6. Context Providers
+
+```typescript
+import { ProviderContext } from '@/context/provider-context'
+import { createMockProviderContextValue, createMockPlan } from '@/__mocks__/provider-context'
+
+describe('Component with Context', () => {
+  it('should render for free plan', () => {
+    const mockContext = createMockPlan('sandbox')
+    
+    render(
+      <ProviderContext.Provider value={mockContext}>
+        <Component />
+      </ProviderContext.Provider>
+    )
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText('Upgrade')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should render for pro plan', () => {
+    const mockContext = createMockPlan('professional')
+    
+    render(
+      <ProviderContext.Provider value={mockContext}>
+        <Component />
+      </ProviderContext.Provider>
+    )
+    
+    expect(screen.queryByText('Upgrade')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 7. React Query
+
+```typescript
+import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+
+const createTestQueryClient = () => new QueryClient({
+  defaultOptions: {
+    queries: { retry: false },
+    mutations: { retry: false },
+  },
+})
+
+const renderWithQueryClient = (ui: React.ReactElement) => {
+  const queryClient = createTestQueryClient()
+  return render(
+    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
+      {ui}
+    </QueryClientProvider>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+## Mock Best Practices
+
+### ✅ DO
+
+1. **Use real base components** - Import from `@/app/components/base/` directly
+1. **Use real project components** - Prefer importing over mocking
+1. **Use real Zustand stores** - Set test state via `store.setState()`
+1. **Reset mocks in `beforeEach`**, not `afterEach`
+1. **Match actual component behavior** in mocks (when mocking is necessary)
+1. **Use factory functions** for complex mock data
+1. **Import actual types** for type safety
+1. **Reset shared mock state** in `beforeEach`
+
+### ❌ DON'T
+
+1. **Don't mock base components** (`Loading`, `Button`, `Tooltip`, etc.)
+1. **Don't mock Zustand store modules** - Use real stores with `setState()`
+1. Don't mock components you can import directly
+1. Don't create overly simplified mocks that miss conditional logic
+1. Don't forget to clean up nock after each test
+1. Don't use `any` types in mocks without necessity
+
+### Mock Decision Tree
+
+```
+Need to use a component in test?
+│
+├─ Is it from @/app/components/base/*?
+│  └─ YES → Import real component, DO NOT mock
+│
+├─ Is it a project component?
+│  └─ YES → Prefer importing real component
+│           Only mock if setup is extremely complex
+│
+├─ Is it an API service (@/service/*)?
+│  └─ YES → Mock it
+│
+├─ Is it a third-party lib with side effects?
+│  └─ YES → Mock it (next/navigation, external SDKs)
+│
+├─ Is it a Zustand store?
+│  └─ YES → DO NOT mock the module!
+│           Use real store + setState() to set test state
+│           (Global mock handles auto-reset)
+│
+└─ Is it i18n?
+   └─ YES → Uses shared mock (auto-loaded). Override only for custom translations
+```
+
+## Zustand Store Testing
+
+### Global Zustand Mock (Auto-loaded)
+
+Zustand is globally mocked in `web/vitest.setup.ts` following the [official Zustand testing guide](https://zustand.docs.pmnd.rs/guides/testing). The mock in `web/__mocks__/zustand.ts` provides:
+
+- Real store behavior with `getState()`, `setState()`, `subscribe()` methods
+- Automatic store reset after each test via `afterEach`
+- Proper test isolation between tests
+
+### ✅ Recommended: Use Real Stores (Official Best Practice)
+
+**DO NOT mock store modules manually.** Import and use the real store, then use `setState()` to set test state:
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ CORRECT: Use real store with setState
+import { useAppStore } from '@/app/components/app/store'
+
+describe('MyComponent', () => {
+  it('should render app details', () => {
+    // Arrange: Set test state via setState
+    useAppStore.setState({
+      appDetail: {
+        id: 'test-app',
+        name: 'Test App',
+        mode: 'chat',
+      },
+    })
+
+    // Act
+    render(<MyComponent />)
+
+    // Assert
+    expect(screen.getByText('Test App')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    // Can also verify store state directly
+    expect(useAppStore.getState().appDetail?.name).toBe('Test App')
+  })
+
+  // No cleanup needed - global mock auto-resets after each test
+})
+```
+
+### ❌ Avoid: Manual Store Module Mocking
+
+Manual mocking conflicts with the global Zustand mock and loses store functionality:
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ WRONG: Don't mock the store module
+vi.mock('@/app/components/app/store', () => ({
+  useStore: (selector) => mockSelector(selector),  // Missing getState, setState!
+}))
+
+// ❌ WRONG: This conflicts with global zustand mock
+vi.mock('@/app/components/workflow/store', () => ({
+  useWorkflowStore: vi.fn(() => mockState),
+}))
+```
+
+**Problems with manual mocking:**
+
+1. Loses `getState()`, `setState()`, `subscribe()` methods
+1. Conflicts with global Zustand mock behavior
+1. Requires manual maintenance of store API
+1. Tests don't reflect actual store behavior
+
+### When Manual Store Mocking is Necessary
+
+In rare cases where the store has complex initialization or side effects, you can mock it, but ensure you provide the full store API:
+
+```typescript
+// If you MUST mock (rare), include full store API
+const mockStore = {
+  appDetail: { id: 'test', name: 'Test' },
+  setAppDetail: vi.fn(),
+}
+
+vi.mock('@/app/components/app/store', () => ({
+  useStore: Object.assign(
+    (selector: (state: typeof mockStore) => unknown) => selector(mockStore),
+    {
+      getState: () => mockStore,
+      setState: vi.fn(),
+      subscribe: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  ),
+}))
+```
+
+### Store Testing Decision Tree
+
+```
+Need to test a component using Zustand store?
+│
+├─ Can you use the real store?
+│  └─ YES → Use real store + setState (RECOMMENDED)
+│           useAppStore.setState({ ... })
+│
+├─ Does the store have complex initialization/side effects?
+│  └─ YES → Consider mocking, but include full API
+│           (getState, setState, subscribe)
+│
+└─ Are you testing the store itself (not a component)?
+   └─ YES → Test store directly with getState/setState
+            const store = useMyStore
+            store.setState({ count: 0 })
+            store.getState().increment()
+            expect(store.getState().count).toBe(1)
+```
+
+### Example: Testing Store Actions
+
+```typescript
+import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
+
+describe('Counter Store', () => {
+  it('should increment count', () => {
+    // Initial state (auto-reset by global mock)
+    expect(useCounterStore.getState().count).toBe(0)
+
+    // Call action
+    useCounterStore.getState().increment()
+
+    // Verify state change
+    expect(useCounterStore.getState().count).toBe(1)
+  })
+
+  it('should reset to initial state', () => {
+    // Set some state
+    useCounterStore.setState({ count: 100 })
+    expect(useCounterStore.getState().count).toBe(100)
+
+    // After this test, global mock will reset to initial state
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Factory Function Pattern
+
+```typescript
+// __mocks__/data-factories.ts
+import type { User, Project } from '@/types'
+
+export const createMockUser = (overrides: Partial<User> = {}): User => ({
+  id: 'user-1',
+  name: 'Test User',
+  email: 'test@example.com',
+  role: 'member',
+  createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+  ...overrides,
+})
+
+export const createMockProject = (overrides: Partial<Project> = {}): Project => ({
+  id: 'project-1',
+  name: 'Test Project',
+  description: 'A test project',
+  owner: createMockUser(),
+  members: [],
+  createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+  ...overrides,
+})
+
+// Usage in tests
+it('should display project owner', () => {
+  const project = createMockProject({
+    owner: createMockUser({ name: 'John Doe' }),
+  })
+  
+  render(<ProjectCard project={project} />)
+  expect(screen.getByText('John Doe')).toBeInTheDocument()
+})
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/references/workflow.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This guide defines the workflow for generating tests, especially for complex com
 
 ## Scope Clarification
 
-This guide addresses **multi-file workflow** (how to process multiple test files). For coverage requirements within a single test file, see `web/testing/testing.md` § Coverage Goals.
+This guide addresses **multi-file workflow** (how to process multiple test files). For coverage requirements within a single test file, see `web/docs/test.md` § Coverage Goals.
 
 | Scope | Rule |
 |-------|------|

.claude/settings.json

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 {
-  "enabledPlugins": {
-    "feature-dev@claude-plugins-official": true,
-    "context7@claude-plugins-official": true,
-    "typescript-lsp@claude-plugins-official": true,
-    "pyright-lsp@claude-plugins-official": true,
-    "ralph-wiggum@claude-plugins-official": true
+  "hooks": {
+    "PreToolUse": [
+      {
+        "matcher": "Bash",
+        "hooks": [
+          {
+            "type": "command",
+            "command": "npx -y block-no-verify@1.1.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
   }
 }

.claude/skills/backend-code-review

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/backend-code-review

.claude/skills/component-refactoring

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/component-refactoring

.claude/skills/component-refactoring/SKILL.md

@@ -1,483 +0,0 @@
----
-name: component-refactoring
-description: Refactor high-complexity React components in Dify frontend. Use when `pnpm analyze-component --json` shows complexity > 50 or lineCount > 300, when the user asks for code splitting, hook extraction, or complexity reduction, or when `pnpm analyze-component` warns to refactor before testing; avoid for simple/well-structured components, third-party wrappers, or when the user explicitly wants testing without refactoring.
----
-
-# Dify Component Refactoring Skill
-
-Refactor high-complexity React components in the Dify frontend codebase with the patterns and workflow below.
-
-> **Complexity Threshold**: Components with complexity > 50 (measured by `pnpm analyze-component`) should be refactored before testing.
-
-## Quick Reference
-
-### Commands (run from `web/`)
-
-Use paths relative to `web/` (e.g., `app/components/...`).
-Use `refactor-component` for refactoring prompts and `analyze-component` for testing prompts and metrics.
-
-```bash
-cd web
-
-# Generate refactoring prompt
-pnpm refactor-component <path>
-
-# Output refactoring analysis as JSON
-pnpm refactor-component <path> --json
-
-# Generate testing prompt (after refactoring)
-pnpm analyze-component <path>
-
-# Output testing analysis as JSON
-pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
-```
-
-### Complexity Analysis
-
-```bash
-# Analyze component complexity
-pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
-
-# Key metrics to check:
-# - complexity: normalized score 0-100 (target < 50)
-# - maxComplexity: highest single function complexity
-# - lineCount: total lines (target < 300)
-```
-
-### Complexity Score Interpretation
-
-| Score | Level | Action |
-|-------|-------|--------|
-| 0-25 | 🟢 Simple | Ready for testing |
-| 26-50 | 🟡 Medium | Consider minor refactoring |
-| 51-75 | 🟠 Complex | **Refactor before testing** |
-| 76-100 | 🔴 Very Complex | **Must refactor** |
-
-## Core Refactoring Patterns
-
-### Pattern 1: Extract Custom Hooks
-
-**When**: Component has complex state management, multiple `useState`/`useEffect`, or business logic mixed with UI.
-
-**Dify Convention**: Place hooks in a `hooks/` subdirectory or alongside the component as `use-<feature>.ts`.
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Before: Complex state logic in component
-const Configuration: FC = () => {
-  const [modelConfig, setModelConfig] = useState<ModelConfig>(...)
-  const [datasetConfigs, setDatasetConfigs] = useState<DatasetConfigs>(...)
-  const [completionParams, setCompletionParams] = useState<FormValue>({})
-  
-  // 50+ lines of state management logic...
-  
-  return <div>...</div>
-}
-
-// ✅ After: Extract to custom hook
-// hooks/use-model-config.ts
-export const useModelConfig = (appId: string) => {
-  const [modelConfig, setModelConfig] = useState<ModelConfig>(...)
-  const [completionParams, setCompletionParams] = useState<FormValue>({})
-  
-  // Related state management logic here
-  
-  return { modelConfig, setModelConfig, completionParams, setCompletionParams }
-}
-
-// Component becomes cleaner
-const Configuration: FC = () => {
-  const { modelConfig, setModelConfig } = useModelConfig(appId)
-  return <div>...</div>
-}
-```
-
-**Dify Examples**:
-- `web/app/components/app/configuration/hooks/use-advanced-prompt-config.ts`
-- `web/app/components/app/configuration/debug/hooks.tsx`
-- `web/app/components/workflow/hooks/use-workflow.ts`
-
-### Pattern 2: Extract Sub-Components
-
-**When**: Single component has multiple UI sections, conditional rendering blocks, or repeated patterns.
-
-**Dify Convention**: Place sub-components in subdirectories or as separate files in the same directory.
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Before: Monolithic JSX with multiple sections
-const AppInfo = () => {
-  return (
-    <div>
-      {/* 100 lines of header UI */}
-      {/* 100 lines of operations UI */}
-      {/* 100 lines of modals */}
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-// ✅ After: Split into focused components
-// app-info/
-//   ├── index.tsx           (orchestration only)
-//   ├── app-header.tsx      (header UI)
-//   ├── app-operations.tsx  (operations UI)
-//   └── app-modals.tsx      (modal management)
-
-const AppInfo = () => {
-  const { showModal, setShowModal } = useAppInfoModals()
-  
-  return (
-    <div>
-      <AppHeader appDetail={appDetail} />
-      <AppOperations onAction={handleAction} />
-      <AppModals show={showModal} onClose={() => setShowModal(null)} />
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-```
-
-**Dify Examples**:
-- `web/app/components/app/configuration/` directory structure
-- `web/app/components/workflow/nodes/` per-node organization
-
-### Pattern 3: Simplify Conditional Logic
-
-**When**: Deep nesting (> 3 levels), complex ternaries, or multiple `if/else` chains.
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Before: Deeply nested conditionals
-const Template = useMemo(() => {
-  if (appDetail?.mode === AppModeEnum.CHAT) {
-    switch (locale) {
-      case LanguagesSupported[1]:
-        return <TemplateChatZh />
-      case LanguagesSupported[7]:
-        return <TemplateChatJa />
-      default:
-        return <TemplateChatEn />
-    }
-  }
-  if (appDetail?.mode === AppModeEnum.ADVANCED_CHAT) {
-    // Another 15 lines...
-  }
-  // More conditions...
-}, [appDetail, locale])
-
-// ✅ After: Use lookup tables + early returns
-const TEMPLATE_MAP = {
-  [AppModeEnum.CHAT]: {
-    [LanguagesSupported[1]]: TemplateChatZh,
-    [LanguagesSupported[7]]: TemplateChatJa,
-    default: TemplateChatEn,
-  },
-  [AppModeEnum.ADVANCED_CHAT]: {
-    [LanguagesSupported[1]]: TemplateAdvancedChatZh,
-    // ...
-  },
-}
-
-const Template = useMemo(() => {
-  const modeTemplates = TEMPLATE_MAP[appDetail?.mode]
-  if (!modeTemplates) return null
-  
-  const TemplateComponent = modeTemplates[locale] || modeTemplates.default
-  return <TemplateComponent appDetail={appDetail} />
-}, [appDetail, locale])
-```
-
-### Pattern 4: Extract API/Data Logic
-
-**When**: Component directly handles API calls, data transformation, or complex async operations.
-
-**Dify Convention**: Use `@tanstack/react-query` hooks from `web/service/use-*.ts` or create custom data hooks.
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Before: API logic in component
-const MCPServiceCard = () => {
-  const [basicAppConfig, setBasicAppConfig] = useState({})
-  
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (isBasicApp && appId) {
-      (async () => {
-        const res = await fetchAppDetail({ url: '/apps', id: appId })
-        setBasicAppConfig(res?.model_config || {})
-      })()
-    }
-  }, [appId, isBasicApp])
-  
-  // More API-related logic...
-}
-
-// ✅ After: Extract to data hook using React Query
-// use-app-config.ts
-import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query'
-import { get } from '@/service/base'
-
-const NAME_SPACE = 'appConfig'
-
-export const useAppConfig = (appId: string, isBasicApp: boolean) => {
-  return useQuery({
-    enabled: isBasicApp && !!appId,
-    queryKey: [NAME_SPACE, 'detail', appId],
-    queryFn: () => get<AppDetailResponse>(`/apps/${appId}`),
-    select: data => data?.model_config || {},
-  })
-}
-
-// Component becomes cleaner
-const MCPServiceCard = () => {
-  const { data: config, isLoading } = useAppConfig(appId, isBasicApp)
-  // UI only
-}
-```
-
-**React Query Best Practices in Dify**:
-- Define `NAME_SPACE` for query key organization
-- Use `enabled` option for conditional fetching
-- Use `select` for data transformation
-- Export invalidation hooks: `useInvalidXxx`
-
-**Dify Examples**:
-- `web/service/use-workflow.ts`
-- `web/service/use-common.ts`
-- `web/service/knowledge/use-dataset.ts`
-- `web/service/knowledge/use-document.ts`
-
-### Pattern 5: Extract Modal/Dialog Management
-
-**When**: Component manages multiple modals with complex open/close states.
-
-**Dify Convention**: Modals should be extracted with their state management.
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Before: Multiple modal states in component
-const AppInfo = () => {
-  const [showEditModal, setShowEditModal] = useState(false)
-  const [showDuplicateModal, setShowDuplicateModal] = useState(false)
-  const [showConfirmDelete, setShowConfirmDelete] = useState(false)
-  const [showSwitchModal, setShowSwitchModal] = useState(false)
-  const [showImportDSLModal, setShowImportDSLModal] = useState(false)
-  // 5+ more modal states...
-}
-
-// ✅ After: Extract to modal management hook
-type ModalType = 'edit' | 'duplicate' | 'delete' | 'switch' | 'import' | null
-
-const useAppInfoModals = () => {
-  const [activeModal, setActiveModal] = useState<ModalType>(null)
-  
-  const openModal = useCallback((type: ModalType) => setActiveModal(type), [])
-  const closeModal = useCallback(() => setActiveModal(null), [])
-  
-  return {
-    activeModal,
-    openModal,
-    closeModal,
-    isOpen: (type: ModalType) => activeModal === type,
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Pattern 6: Extract Form Logic
-
-**When**: Complex form validation, submission handling, or field transformation.
-
-**Dify Convention**: Use `@tanstack/react-form` patterns from `web/app/components/base/form/`.
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ Use existing form infrastructure
-import { useAppForm } from '@/app/components/base/form'
-
-const ConfigForm = () => {
-  const form = useAppForm({
-    defaultValues: { name: '', description: '' },
-    onSubmit: handleSubmit,
-  })
-  
-  return <form.Provider>...</form.Provider>
-}
-```
-
-## Dify-Specific Refactoring Guidelines
-
-### 1. Context Provider Extraction
-
-**When**: Component provides complex context values with multiple states.
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Before: Large context value object
-const value = {
-  appId, isAPIKeySet, isTrailFinished, mode, modelModeType,
-  promptMode, isAdvancedMode, isAgent, isOpenAI, isFunctionCall,
-  // 50+ more properties...
-}
-return <ConfigContext.Provider value={value}>...</ConfigContext.Provider>
-
-// ✅ After: Split into domain-specific contexts
-<ModelConfigProvider value={modelConfigValue}>
-  <DatasetConfigProvider value={datasetConfigValue}>
-    <UIConfigProvider value={uiConfigValue}>
-      {children}
-    </UIConfigProvider>
-  </DatasetConfigProvider>
-</ModelConfigProvider>
-```
-
-**Dify Reference**: `web/context/` directory structure
-
-### 2. Workflow Node Components
-
-**When**: Refactoring workflow node components (`web/app/components/workflow/nodes/`).
-
-**Conventions**:
-- Keep node logic in `use-interactions.ts`
-- Extract panel UI to separate files
-- Use `_base` components for common patterns
-
-```
-nodes/<node-type>/
-  ├── index.tsx              # Node registration
-  ├── node.tsx               # Node visual component
-  ├── panel.tsx              # Configuration panel
-  ├── use-interactions.ts    # Node-specific hooks
-  └── types.ts               # Type definitions
-```
-
-### 3. Configuration Components
-
-**When**: Refactoring app configuration components.
-
-**Conventions**:
-- Separate config sections into subdirectories
-- Use existing patterns from `web/app/components/app/configuration/`
-- Keep feature toggles in dedicated components
-
-### 4. Tool/Plugin Components
-
-**When**: Refactoring tool-related components (`web/app/components/tools/`).
-
-**Conventions**:
-- Follow existing modal patterns
-- Use service hooks from `web/service/use-tools.ts`
-- Keep provider-specific logic isolated
-
-## Refactoring Workflow
-
-### Step 1: Generate Refactoring Prompt
-
-```bash
-pnpm refactor-component <path>
-```
-
-This command will:
-- Analyze component complexity and features
-- Identify specific refactoring actions needed
-- Generate a prompt for AI assistant (auto-copied to clipboard on macOS)
-- Provide detailed requirements based on detected patterns
-
-### Step 2: Analyze Details
-
-```bash
-pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
-```
-
-Identify:
-- Total complexity score
-- Max function complexity
-- Line count
-- Features detected (state, effects, API, etc.)
-
-### Step 3: Plan
-
-Create a refactoring plan based on detected features:
-
-| Detected Feature | Refactoring Action |
-|------------------|-------------------|
-| `hasState: true` + `hasEffects: true` | Extract custom hook |
-| `hasAPI: true` | Extract data/service hook |
-| `hasEvents: true` (many) | Extract event handlers |
-| `lineCount > 300` | Split into sub-components |
-| `maxComplexity > 50` | Simplify conditional logic |
-
-### Step 4: Execute Incrementally
-
-1. **Extract one piece at a time**
-2. **Run lint, type-check, and tests after each extraction**
-3. **Verify functionality before next step**
-
-```
-For each extraction:
-  ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
-  │ 1. Extract code                        │
-  │ 2. Run: pnpm lint:fix                  │
-  │ 3. Run: pnpm type-check:tsgo           │
-  │ 4. Run: pnpm test                      │
-  │ 5. Test functionality manually         │
-  │ 6. PASS? → Next extraction             │
-  │    FAIL? → Fix before continuing       │
-  └────────────────────────────────────────┘
-```
-
-### Step 5: Verify
-
-After refactoring:
-
-```bash
-# Re-run refactor command to verify improvements
-pnpm refactor-component <path>
-
-# If complexity < 25 and lines < 200, you'll see:
-# ✅ COMPONENT IS WELL-STRUCTURED
-
-# For detailed metrics:
-pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
-
-# Target metrics:
-# - complexity < 50
-# - lineCount < 300
-# - maxComplexity < 30
-```
-
-## Common Mistakes to Avoid
-
-### ❌ Over-Engineering
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Too many tiny hooks
-const useButtonText = () => useState('Click')
-const useButtonDisabled = () => useState(false)
-const useButtonLoading = () => useState(false)
-
-// ✅ Cohesive hook with related state
-const useButtonState = () => {
-  const [text, setText] = useState('Click')
-  const [disabled, setDisabled] = useState(false)
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
-  return { text, setText, disabled, setDisabled, loading, setLoading }
-}
-```
-
-### ❌ Breaking Existing Patterns
-
-- Follow existing directory structures
-- Maintain naming conventions
-- Preserve export patterns for compatibility
-
-### ❌ Premature Abstraction
-
-- Only extract when there's clear complexity benefit
-- Don't create abstractions for single-use code
-- Keep refactored code in the same domain area
-
-## References
-
-### Dify Codebase Examples
-
-- **Hook extraction**: `web/app/components/app/configuration/hooks/`
-- **Component splitting**: `web/app/components/app/configuration/`
-- **Service hooks**: `web/service/use-*.ts`
-- **Workflow patterns**: `web/app/components/workflow/hooks/`
-- **Form patterns**: `web/app/components/base/form/`
-
-### Related Skills
-
-- `frontend-testing` - For testing refactored components
-- `web/testing/testing.md` - Testing specification

.claude/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright

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.claude/skills/frontend-code-review

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+../../.agents/skills/frontend-code-review

.claude/skills/frontend-query-mutation

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+../../.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation

.claude/skills/frontend-testing

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+../../.agents/skills/frontend-testing

.claude/skills/frontend-testing/SKILL.md

@@ -1,322 +0,0 @@
----
-name: frontend-testing
-description: Generate Vitest + React Testing Library tests for Dify frontend components, hooks, and utilities. Triggers on testing, spec files, coverage, Vitest, RTL, unit tests, integration tests, or write/review test requests.
----
-
-# Dify Frontend Testing Skill
-
-This skill enables Claude to generate high-quality, comprehensive frontend tests for the Dify project following established conventions and best practices.
-
-> **⚠️ Authoritative Source**: This skill is derived from `web/testing/testing.md`. Use Vitest mock/timer APIs (`vi.*`).
-
-## When to Apply This Skill
-
-Apply this skill when the user:
-
-- Asks to **write tests** for a component, hook, or utility
-- Asks to **review existing tests** for completeness
-- Mentions **Vitest**, **React Testing Library**, **RTL**, or **spec files**
-- Requests **test coverage** improvement
-- Uses `pnpm analyze-component` output as context
-- Mentions **testing**, **unit tests**, or **integration tests** for frontend code
-- Wants to understand **testing patterns** in the Dify codebase
-
-**Do NOT apply** when:
-
-- User is asking about backend/API tests (Python/pytest)
-- User is asking about E2E tests (Playwright/Cypress)
-- User is only asking conceptual questions without code context
-
-## Quick Reference
-
-### Tech Stack
-
-| Tool | Version | Purpose |
-|------|---------|---------|
-| Vitest | 4.0.16 | Test runner |
-| React Testing Library | 16.0 | Component testing |
-| jsdom | - | Test environment |
-| nock | 14.0 | HTTP mocking |
-| TypeScript | 5.x | Type safety |
-
-### Key Commands
-
-```bash
-# Run all tests
-pnpm test
-
-# Watch mode
-pnpm test:watch
-
-# Run specific file
-pnpm test path/to/file.spec.tsx
-
-# Generate coverage report
-pnpm test:coverage
-
-# Analyze component complexity
-pnpm analyze-component <path>
-
-# Review existing test
-pnpm analyze-component <path> --review
-```
-
-### File Naming
-
-- Test files: `ComponentName.spec.tsx` (same directory as component)
-- Integration tests: `web/__tests__/` directory
-
-## Test Structure Template
-
-```typescript
-import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
-import Component from './index'
-
-// ✅ Import real project components (DO NOT mock these)
-// import Loading from '@/app/components/base/loading'
-// import { ChildComponent } from './child-component'
-
-// ✅ Mock external dependencies only
-vi.mock('@/service/api')
-vi.mock('next/navigation', () => ({
-  useRouter: () => ({ push: vi.fn() }),
-  usePathname: () => '/test',
-}))
-
-// Shared state for mocks (if needed)
-let mockSharedState = false
-
-describe('ComponentName', () => {
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks()  // ✅ Reset mocks BEFORE each test
-    mockSharedState = false  // ✅ Reset shared state
-  })
-
-  // Rendering tests (REQUIRED)
-  describe('Rendering', () => {
-    it('should render without crashing', () => {
-      // Arrange
-      const props = { title: 'Test' }
-      
-      // Act
-      render(<Component {...props} />)
-      
-      // Assert
-      expect(screen.getByText('Test')).toBeInTheDocument()
-    })
-  })
-
-  // Props tests (REQUIRED)
-  describe('Props', () => {
-    it('should apply custom className', () => {
-      render(<Component className="custom" />)
-      expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toHaveClass('custom')
-    })
-  })
-
-  // User Interactions
-  describe('User Interactions', () => {
-    it('should handle click events', () => {
-      const handleClick = vi.fn()
-      render(<Component onClick={handleClick} />)
-      
-      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
-      
-      expect(handleClick).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
-    })
-  })
-
-  // Edge Cases (REQUIRED)
-  describe('Edge Cases', () => {
-    it('should handle null data', () => {
-      render(<Component data={null} />)
-      expect(screen.getByText(/no data/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
-    })
-
-    it('should handle empty array', () => {
-      render(<Component items={[]} />)
-      expect(screen.getByText(/empty/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
-    })
-  })
-})
-```
-
-## Testing Workflow (CRITICAL)
-
-### ⚠️ Incremental Approach Required
-
-**NEVER generate all test files at once.** For complex components or multi-file directories:
-
-1. **Analyze & Plan**: List all files, order by complexity (simple → complex)
-1. **Process ONE at a time**: Write test → Run test → Fix if needed → Next
-1. **Verify before proceeding**: Do NOT continue to next file until current passes
-
-```
-For each file:
-  ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
-  │ 1. Write test                          │
-  │ 2. Run: pnpm test <file>.spec.tsx      │
-  │ 3. PASS? → Mark complete, next file    │
-  │    FAIL? → Fix first, then continue    │
-  └────────────────────────────────────────┘
-```
-
-### Complexity-Based Order
-
-Process in this order for multi-file testing:
-
-1. 🟢 Utility functions (simplest)
-1. 🟢 Custom hooks
-1. 🟡 Simple components (presentational)
-1. 🟡 Medium components (state, effects)
-1. 🔴 Complex components (API, routing)
-1. 🔴 Integration tests (index files - last)
-
-### When to Refactor First
-
-- **Complexity > 50**: Break into smaller pieces before testing
-- **500+ lines**: Consider splitting before testing
-- **Many dependencies**: Extract logic into hooks first
-
-> 📖 See `references/workflow.md` for complete workflow details and todo list format.
-
-## Testing Strategy
-
-### Path-Level Testing (Directory Testing)
-
-When assigned to test a directory/path, test **ALL content** within that path:
-
-- Test all components, hooks, utilities in the directory (not just `index` file)
-- Use incremental approach: one file at a time, verify each before proceeding
-- Goal: 100% coverage of ALL files in the directory
-
-### Integration Testing First
-
-**Prefer integration testing** when writing tests for a directory:
-
-- ✅ **Import real project components** directly (including base components and siblings)
-- ✅ **Only mock**: API services (`@/service/*`), `next/navigation`, complex context providers
-- ❌ **DO NOT mock** base components (`@/app/components/base/*`)
-- ❌ **DO NOT mock** sibling/child components in the same directory
-
-> See [Test Structure Template](#test-structure-template) for correct import/mock patterns.
-
-## Core Principles
-
-### 1. AAA Pattern (Arrange-Act-Assert)
-
-Every test should clearly separate:
-
-- **Arrange**: Setup test data and render component
-- **Act**: Perform user actions
-- **Assert**: Verify expected outcomes
-
-### 2. Black-Box Testing
-
-- Test observable behavior, not implementation details
-- Use semantic queries (getByRole, getByLabelText)
-- Avoid testing internal state directly
-- **Prefer pattern matching over hardcoded strings** in assertions:
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Avoid: hardcoded text assertions
-expect(screen.getByText('Loading...')).toBeInTheDocument()
-
-// ✅ Better: role-based queries
-expect(screen.getByRole('status')).toBeInTheDocument()
-
-// ✅ Better: pattern matching
-expect(screen.getByText(/loading/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
-```
-
-### 3. Single Behavior Per Test
-
-Each test verifies ONE user-observable behavior:
-
-```typescript
-// ✅ Good: One behavior
-it('should disable button when loading', () => {
-  render(<Button loading />)
-  expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toBeDisabled()
-})
-
-// ❌ Bad: Multiple behaviors
-it('should handle loading state', () => {
-  render(<Button loading />)
-  expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toBeDisabled()
-  expect(screen.getByText('Loading...')).toBeInTheDocument()
-  expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toHaveClass('loading')
-})
-```
-
-### 4. Semantic Naming
-
-Use `should <behavior> when <condition>`:
-
-```typescript
-it('should show error message when validation fails')
-it('should call onSubmit when form is valid')
-it('should disable input when isReadOnly is true')
-```
-
-## Required Test Scenarios
-
-### Always Required (All Components)
-
-1. **Rendering**: Component renders without crashing
-1. **Props**: Required props, optional props, default values
-1. **Edge Cases**: null, undefined, empty values, boundary conditions
-
-### Conditional (When Present)
-
-| Feature | Test Focus |
-|---------|-----------|
-| `useState` | Initial state, transitions, cleanup |
-| `useEffect` | Execution, dependencies, cleanup |
-| Event handlers | All onClick, onChange, onSubmit, keyboard |
-| API calls | Loading, success, error states |
-| Routing | Navigation, params, query strings |
-| `useCallback`/`useMemo` | Referential equality |
-| Context | Provider values, consumer behavior |
-| Forms | Validation, submission, error display |
-
-## Coverage Goals (Per File)
-
-For each test file generated, aim for:
-
-- ✅ **100%** function coverage
-- ✅ **100%** statement coverage
-- ✅ **>95%** branch coverage
-- ✅ **>95%** line coverage
-
-> **Note**: For multi-file directories, process one file at a time with full coverage each. See `references/workflow.md`.
-
-## Detailed Guides
-
-For more detailed information, refer to:
-
-- `references/workflow.md` - **Incremental testing workflow** (MUST READ for multi-file testing)
-- `references/mocking.md` - Mock patterns and best practices
-- `references/async-testing.md` - Async operations and API calls
-- `references/domain-components.md` - Workflow, Dataset, Configuration testing
-- `references/common-patterns.md` - Frequently used testing patterns
-- `references/checklist.md` - Test generation checklist and validation steps
-
-## Authoritative References
-
-### Primary Specification (MUST follow)
-
-- **`web/testing/testing.md`** - The canonical testing specification. This skill is derived from this document.
-
-### Reference Examples in Codebase
-
-- `web/utils/classnames.spec.ts` - Utility function tests
-- `web/app/components/base/button/index.spec.tsx` - Component tests
-- `web/__mocks__/provider-context.ts` - Mock factory example
-
-### Project Configuration
-
-- `web/vitest.config.ts` - Vitest configuration
-- `web/vitest.setup.ts` - Test environment setup
-- `web/scripts/analyze-component.js` - Component analysis tool
-- Modules are not mocked automatically. Global mocks live in `web/vitest.setup.ts` (for example `react-i18next`, `next/image`); mock other modules like `ky` or `mime` locally in test files.

.claude/skills/frontend-testing/references/mocking.md

@@ -1,349 +0,0 @@
-# Mocking Guide for Dify Frontend Tests
-
-## ⚠️ Important: What NOT to Mock
-
-### DO NOT Mock Base Components
-
-**Never mock components from `@/app/components/base/`** such as:
-
-- `Loading`, `Spinner`
-- `Button`, `Input`, `Select`
-- `Tooltip`, `Modal`, `Dropdown`
-- `Icon`, `Badge`, `Tag`
-
-**Why?**
-
-- Base components will have their own dedicated tests
-- Mocking them creates false positives (tests pass but real integration fails)
-- Using real components tests actual integration behavior
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ WRONG: Don't mock base components
-vi.mock('@/app/components/base/loading', () => () => <div>Loading</div>)
-vi.mock('@/app/components/base/button', () => ({ children }: any) => <button>{children}</button>)
-
-// ✅ CORRECT: Import and use real base components
-import Loading from '@/app/components/base/loading'
-import Button from '@/app/components/base/button'
-// They will render normally in tests
-```
-
-### What TO Mock
-
-Only mock these categories:
-
-1. **API services** (`@/service/*`) - Network calls
-1. **Complex context providers** - When setup is too difficult
-1. **Third-party libraries with side effects** - `next/navigation`, external SDKs
-1. **i18n** - Always mock to return keys
-
-## Mock Placement
-
-| Location | Purpose |
-|----------|---------|
-| `web/vitest.setup.ts` | Global mocks shared by all tests (for example `react-i18next`, `next/image`) |
-| `web/__mocks__/` | Reusable mock factories shared across multiple test files |
-| Test file | Test-specific mocks, inline with `vi.mock()` |
-
-Modules are not mocked automatically. Use `vi.mock` in test files, or add global mocks in `web/vitest.setup.ts`.
-
-## Essential Mocks
-
-### 1. i18n (Auto-loaded via Global Mock)
-
-A global mock is defined in `web/vitest.setup.ts` and is auto-loaded by Vitest setup.
-
-The global mock provides:
-
-- `useTranslation` - returns translation keys with namespace prefix
-- `Trans` component - renders i18nKey and components
-- `useMixedTranslation` (from `@/app/components/plugins/marketplace/hooks`)
-- `useGetLanguage` (from `@/context/i18n`) - returns `'en-US'`
-
-**Default behavior**: Most tests should use the global mock (no local override needed).
-
-**For custom translations**: Use the helper function from `@/test/i18n-mock`:
-
-```typescript
-import { createReactI18nextMock } from '@/test/i18n-mock'
-
-vi.mock('react-i18next', () => createReactI18nextMock({
-  'my.custom.key': 'Custom translation',
-  'button.save': 'Save',
-}))
-```
-
-**Avoid**: Manually defining `useTranslation` mocks that just return the key - the global mock already does this.
-
-### 2. Next.js Router
-
-```typescript
-const mockPush = vi.fn()
-const mockReplace = vi.fn()
-
-vi.mock('next/navigation', () => ({
-  useRouter: () => ({
-    push: mockPush,
-    replace: mockReplace,
-    back: vi.fn(),
-    prefetch: vi.fn(),
-  }),
-  usePathname: () => '/current-path',
-  useSearchParams: () => new URLSearchParams('?key=value'),
-}))
-
-describe('Component', () => {
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks()
-  })
-
-  it('should navigate on click', () => {
-    render(<Component />)
-    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
-    expect(mockPush).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/expected-path')
-  })
-})
-```
-
-### 3. Portal Components (with Shared State)
-
-```typescript
-// ⚠️ Important: Use shared state for components that depend on each other
-let mockPortalOpenState = false
-
-vi.mock('@/app/components/base/portal-to-follow-elem', () => ({
-  PortalToFollowElem: ({ children, open, ...props }: any) => {
-    mockPortalOpenState = open || false  // Update shared state
-    return <div data-testid="portal" data-open={open}>{children}</div>
-  },
-  PortalToFollowElemContent: ({ children }: any) => {
-    // ✅ Matches actual: returns null when portal is closed
-    if (!mockPortalOpenState) return null
-    return <div data-testid="portal-content">{children}</div>
-  },
-  PortalToFollowElemTrigger: ({ children }: any) => (
-    <div data-testid="portal-trigger">{children}</div>
-  ),
-}))
-
-describe('Component', () => {
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks()
-    mockPortalOpenState = false  // ✅ Reset shared state
-  })
-})
-```
-
-### 4. API Service Mocks
-
-```typescript
-import * as api from '@/service/api'
-
-vi.mock('@/service/api')
-
-const mockedApi = vi.mocked(api)
-
-describe('Component', () => {
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks()
-    
-    // Setup default mock implementation
-    mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ data: [] })
-  })
-
-  it('should show data on success', async () => {
-    mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ data: [{ id: 1 }] })
-    
-    render(<Component />)
-    
-    await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(screen.getByText('1')).toBeInTheDocument()
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('should show error on failure', async () => {
-    mockedApi.fetchData.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'))
-    
-    render(<Component />)
-    
-    await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(screen.getByText(/error/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
-    })
-  })
-})
-```
-
-### 5. HTTP Mocking with Nock
-
-```typescript
-import nock from 'nock'
-
-const GITHUB_HOST = 'https://api.github.com'
-const GITHUB_PATH = '/repos/owner/repo'
-
-const mockGithubApi = (status: number, body: Record<string, unknown>, delayMs = 0) => {
-  return nock(GITHUB_HOST)
-    .get(GITHUB_PATH)
-    .delay(delayMs)
-    .reply(status, body)
-}
-
-describe('GithubComponent', () => {
-  afterEach(() => {
-    nock.cleanAll()
-  })
-
-  it('should display repo info', async () => {
-    mockGithubApi(200, { name: 'dify', stars: 1000 })
-    
-    render(<GithubComponent />)
-    
-    await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(screen.getByText('dify')).toBeInTheDocument()
-    })
-  })
-
-  it('should handle API error', async () => {
-    mockGithubApi(500, { message: 'Server error' })
-    
-    render(<GithubComponent />)
-    
-    await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(screen.getByText(/error/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
-    })
-  })
-})
-```
-
-### 6. Context Providers
-
-```typescript
-import { ProviderContext } from '@/context/provider-context'
-import { createMockProviderContextValue, createMockPlan } from '@/__mocks__/provider-context'
-
-describe('Component with Context', () => {
-  it('should render for free plan', () => {
-    const mockContext = createMockPlan('sandbox')
-    
-    render(
-      <ProviderContext.Provider value={mockContext}>
-        <Component />
-      </ProviderContext.Provider>
-    )
-    
-    expect(screen.getByText('Upgrade')).toBeInTheDocument()
-  })
-
-  it('should render for pro plan', () => {
-    const mockContext = createMockPlan('professional')
-    
-    render(
-      <ProviderContext.Provider value={mockContext}>
-        <Component />
-      </ProviderContext.Provider>
-    )
-    
-    expect(screen.queryByText('Upgrade')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
-  })
-})
-```
-
-### 7. React Query
-
-```typescript
-import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query'
-
-const createTestQueryClient = () => new QueryClient({
-  defaultOptions: {
-    queries: { retry: false },
-    mutations: { retry: false },
-  },
-})
-
-const renderWithQueryClient = (ui: React.ReactElement) => {
-  const queryClient = createTestQueryClient()
-  return render(
-    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
-      {ui}
-    </QueryClientProvider>
-  )
-}
-```
-
-## Mock Best Practices
-
-### ✅ DO
-
-1. **Use real base components** - Import from `@/app/components/base/` directly
-1. **Use real project components** - Prefer importing over mocking
-1. **Reset mocks in `beforeEach`**, not `afterEach`
-1. **Match actual component behavior** in mocks (when mocking is necessary)
-1. **Use factory functions** for complex mock data
-1. **Import actual types** for type safety
-1. **Reset shared mock state** in `beforeEach`
-
-### ❌ DON'T
-
-1. **Don't mock base components** (`Loading`, `Button`, `Tooltip`, etc.)
-1. Don't mock components you can import directly
-1. Don't create overly simplified mocks that miss conditional logic
-1. Don't forget to clean up nock after each test
-1. Don't use `any` types in mocks without necessity
-
-### Mock Decision Tree
-
-```
-Need to use a component in test?
-│
-├─ Is it from @/app/components/base/*?
-│  └─ YES → Import real component, DO NOT mock
-│
-├─ Is it a project component?
-│  └─ YES → Prefer importing real component
-│           Only mock if setup is extremely complex
-│
-├─ Is it an API service (@/service/*)?
-│  └─ YES → Mock it
-│
-├─ Is it a third-party lib with side effects?
-│  └─ YES → Mock it (next/navigation, external SDKs)
-│
-└─ Is it i18n?
-   └─ YES → Uses shared mock (auto-loaded). Override only for custom translations
-```
-
-## Factory Function Pattern
-
-```typescript
-// __mocks__/data-factories.ts
-import type { User, Project } from '@/types'
-
-export const createMockUser = (overrides: Partial<User> = {}): User => ({
-  id: 'user-1',
-  name: 'Test User',
-  email: 'test@example.com',
-  role: 'member',
-  createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-  ...overrides,
-})
-
-export const createMockProject = (overrides: Partial<Project> = {}): Project => ({
-  id: 'project-1',
-  name: 'Test Project',
-  description: 'A test project',
-  owner: createMockUser(),
-  members: [],
-  createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-  ...overrides,
-})
-
-// Usage in tests
-it('should display project owner', () => {
-  const project = createMockProject({
-    owner: createMockUser({ name: 'John Doe' }),
-  })
-  
-  render(<ProjectCard project={project} />)
-  expect(screen.getByText('John Doe')).toBeInTheDocument()
-})
-```

.codex/skills

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../.claude/skills

.devcontainer/post_create_command.sh

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ cd web && pnpm install
 pipx install uv
 
 echo "alias start-api=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/api && uv run python -m flask run --host 0.0.0.0 --port=5001 --debug\"" >> ~/.bashrc
-echo "alias start-worker=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/api && uv run python -m celery -A app.celery worker -P threads -c 1 --loglevel INFO -Q dataset,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor,retention\"" >> ~/.bashrc
-echo "alias start-web=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/web && pnpm dev\"" >> ~/.bashrc
+echo "alias start-worker=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/api && uv run python -m celery -A app.celery worker -P threads -c 1 --loglevel INFO -Q dataset,dataset_summary,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_publisher,trigger_refresh_executor,retention\"" >> ~/.bashrc
+echo "alias start-web=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/web && pnpm dev:inspect\"" >> ~/.bashrc
 echo "alias start-web-prod=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/web && pnpm build && pnpm start\"" >> ~/.bashrc
 echo "alias start-containers=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/docker && docker-compose -f docker-compose.middleware.yaml -p dify --env-file middleware.env up -d\"" >> ~/.bashrc
 echo "alias stop-containers=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/docker && docker-compose -f docker-compose.middleware.yaml -p dify --env-file middleware.env down\"" >> ~/.bashrc

.gemini/config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+have_fun: false
+memory_config:
+  disabled: false
+code_review:
+  disable: true
+  comment_severity_threshold: MEDIUM
+  max_review_comments: -1
+  pull_request_opened:
+    help: false
+    summary: false
+    code_review: false
+    include_drafts: false
+ignore_patterns: []

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 # CODEOWNERS file
 /.github/CODEOWNERS @laipz8200 @crazywoola
 
+# Agents
+/.agents/skills/ @hyoban
+
 # Docs
 /docs/ @crazywoola
 
@@ -21,6 +24,10 @@
 /api/services/tools/mcp_tools_manage_service.py @Nov1c444
 /api/controllers/mcp/ @Nov1c444
 /api/controllers/console/app/mcp_server.py @Nov1c444
+
+# Backend - Tests
+/api/tests/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
+
 /api/tests/**/*mcp* @Nov1c444
 
 # Backend - Workflow - Engine (Core graph execution engine)
@@ -29,7 +36,6 @@
 /api/core/workflow/graph/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
 /api/core/workflow/graph_events/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
 /api/core/workflow/node_events/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
-/api/core/model_runtime/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
 
 # Backend - Workflow - Nodes (Agent, Iteration, Loop, LLM)
 /api/core/workflow/nodes/agent/ @Nov1c444
@@ -231,6 +237,9 @@
 # Frontend - Base Components
 /web/app/components/base/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
 
+# Frontend - Base Components Tests
+/web/app/components/base/**/*.spec.tsx @hyoban @CodingOnStar
+
 # Frontend - Utils and Hooks
 /web/utils/classnames.ts @iamjoel @zxhlyh
 /web/utils/time.ts @iamjoel @zxhlyh

.github/actions/setup-web/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+name: Setup Web Environment
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Setup Vite+
+      uses: voidzero-dev/setup-vp@20553a7a7429c429a74894104a2835d7fed28a72 # v1.3.0
+      with:
+        node-version-file: .nvmrc
+        cache: true
+        run-install: true

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,112 @@
 version: 2
+
 updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
-    directory: "/web"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-    open-pull-requests-limit: 2
   - package-ecosystem: "uv"
     directory: "/api"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 10
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
-    open-pull-requests-limit: 2
+    groups:
+      flask:
+        patterns:
+          - "flask"
+          - "flask-*"
+          - "werkzeug"
+          - "gunicorn"
+      google:
+        patterns:
+          - "google-*"
+          - "googleapis-*"
+      opentelemetry:
+        patterns:
+          - "opentelemetry-*"
+      pydantic:
+        patterns:
+          - "pydantic"
+          - "pydantic-*"
+      llm:
+        patterns:
+          - "langfuse"
+          - "langsmith"
+          - "litellm"
+          - "mlflow*"
+          - "opik"
+          - "weave*"
+          - "arize*"
+          - "tiktoken"
+          - "transformers"
+      database:
+        patterns:
+          - "sqlalchemy"
+          - "psycopg2*"
+          - "psycogreen"
+          - "redis*"
+          - "alembic*"
+      storage:
+        patterns:
+          - "boto3*"
+          - "botocore*"
+          - "azure-*"
+          - "bce-*"
+          - "cos-python-*"
+          - "esdk-obs-*"
+          - "google-cloud-storage"
+          - "opendal"
+          - "oss2"
+          - "supabase*"
+          - "tos*"
+      vdb:
+        patterns:
+          - "alibabacloud*"
+          - "chromadb"
+          - "clickhouse-*"
+          - "clickzetta-*"
+          - "couchbase"
+          - "elasticsearch"
+          - "opensearch-py"
+          - "oracledb"
+          - "pgvect*"
+          - "pymilvus"
+          - "pymochow"
+          - "pyobvector"
+          - "qdrant-client"
+          - "intersystems-*"
+          - "tablestore"
+          - "tcvectordb"
+          - "tidb-vector"
+          - "upstash-*"
+          - "volcengine-*"
+          - "weaviate-*"
+          - "xinference-*"
+          - "mo-vector"
+          - "mysql-connector-*"
+      dev:
+        patterns:
+          - "coverage"
+          - "dotenv-linter"
+          - "faker"
+          - "lxml-stubs"
+          - "basedpyright"
+          - "ruff"
+          - "pytest*"
+          - "types-*"
+          - "boto3-stubs"
+          - "hypothesis"
+          - "pandas-stubs"
+          - "scipy-stubs"
+          - "import-linter"
+          - "celery-types"
+          - "mypy*"
+          - "pyrefly"
+      python-packages:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 5
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    groups:
+      github-actions-dependencies:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+web:
+  - changed-files:
+      - any-glob-to-any-file:
+          - 'web/**'
+          - 'packages/**'
+          - 'package.json'
+          - 'pnpm-lock.yaml'
+          - 'pnpm-workspace.yaml'
+          - '.npmrc'
+          - '.nvmrc'

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 ## Summary
 
 <!-- Please include a summary of the change and which issue is fixed. Please also include relevant motivation and context. List any dependencies that are required for this change. -->
+<!-- If this PR was created by an automated agent, add `From <Tool Name>` as the final line of the description. Example: `From Codex`. -->
 
 ## Screenshots
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@
 ## Checklist
 
 - [ ] This change requires a documentation update, included: [Dify Document](https://github.com/langgenius/dify-docs)
-- [x] I understand that this PR may be closed in case there was no previous discussion or issues. (This doesn't apply to typos!)
-- [x] I've added a test for each change that was introduced, and I tried as much as possible to make a single atomic change.
-- [x] I've updated the documentation accordingly.
-- [x] I ran `make lint` and `make type-check` (backend) and `cd web && npx lint-staged` (frontend) to appease the lint gods
+- [ ] I understand that this PR may be closed in case there was no previous discussion or issues. (This doesn't apply to typos!)
+- [ ] I've added a test for each change that was introduced, and I tried as much as possible to make a single atomic change.
+- [ ] I've updated the documentation accordingly.
+- [ ] I ran `make lint && make type-check` (backend) and `cd web && pnpm exec vp staged` (frontend) to appease the lint gods

.github/scripts/generate-i18n-changes.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import { execFileSync } from 'node:child_process'
+import fs from 'node:fs'
+import path from 'node:path'
+
+const repoRoot = process.cwd()
+const baseSha = process.env.BASE_SHA || ''
+const headSha = process.env.HEAD_SHA || ''
+const files = (process.env.CHANGED_FILES || '').split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean)
+const outputPath = process.env.I18N_CHANGES_OUTPUT_PATH || '/tmp/i18n-changes.json'
+
+const englishPath = fileStem => path.join(repoRoot, 'web', 'i18n', 'en-US', `${fileStem}.json`)
+
+const readCurrentJson = (fileStem) => {
+  const filePath = englishPath(fileStem)
+  if (!fs.existsSync(filePath))
+    return null
+
+  return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8'))
+}
+
+const readBaseJson = (fileStem) => {
+  if (!baseSha)
+    return null
+
+  try {
+    const relativePath = `web/i18n/en-US/${fileStem}.json`
+    const content = execFileSync('git', ['show', `${baseSha}:${relativePath}`], { encoding: 'utf8' })
+    return JSON.parse(content)
+  }
+  catch {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+const compareJson = (beforeValue, afterValue) => JSON.stringify(beforeValue) === JSON.stringify(afterValue)
+
+const changes = {}
+
+for (const fileStem of files) {
+  const currentJson = readCurrentJson(fileStem)
+  const beforeJson = readBaseJson(fileStem) || {}
+  const afterJson = currentJson || {}
+  const added = {}
+  const updated = {}
+  const deleted = []
+
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(afterJson)) {
+    if (!(key in beforeJson)) {
+      added[key] = value
+      continue
+    }
+
+    if (!compareJson(beforeJson[key], value)) {
+      updated[key] = {
+        before: beforeJson[key],
+        after: value,
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const key of Object.keys(beforeJson)) {
+    if (!(key in afterJson))
+      deleted.push(key)
+  }
+
+  changes[fileStem] = {
+    fileDeleted: currentJson === null,
+    added,
+    updated,
+    deleted,
+  }
+}
+
+fs.writeFileSync(
+  outputPath,
+  JSON.stringify({
+    baseSha,
+    headSha,
+    files,
+    changes,
+  })
+)

.github/workflows/anti-slop.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+name: Anti-Slop PR Check
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, edited, synchronize]
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  anti-slop:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: peakoss/anti-slop@85daca1880e9e1af197fc06ea03349daf08f4202 # v0.2.1
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          close-pr: false
+          failure-add-pr-labels: "needs-revision"

.github/workflows/api-tests.yml

@@ -2,32 +2,40 @@ name: Run Pytest
 
 on:
   workflow_call:
+    secrets:
+      CODECOV_TOKEN:
+        required: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 concurrency:
   group: api-tests-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
-  test:
-    name: API Tests
+  api-unit:
+    name: API Unit Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      COVERAGE_FILE: coverage-unit
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
     strategy:
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "3.11"
           - "3.12"
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -39,15 +47,55 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: uv sync --project api --dev
 
-      - name: Run pyrefly check
-        run: |
-          cd api
-          uv add --dev pyrefly
-          uv run pyrefly check || true
-
       - name: Run dify config tests
         run: uv run --project api dev/pytest/pytest_config_tests.py
 
+      - name: Run Unit Tests
+        run: uv run --project api bash dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh
+
+      - name: Upload unit coverage data
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: api-coverage-unit
+          path: coverage-unit
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  api-integration:
+    name: API Integration Tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      COVERAGE_FILE: coverage-integration
+      STORAGE_TYPE: opendal
+      OPENDAL_SCHEME: fs
+      OPENDAL_FS_ROOT: /tmp/dify-storage
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version:
+          - "3.12"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup UV and Python
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          cache-dependency-glob: api/uv.lock
+
+      - name: Check UV lockfile
+        run: uv lock --project api --check
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: uv sync --project api --dev
+
       - name: Set up dotenvs
         run: |
           cp docker/.env.example docker/.env
@@ -57,7 +105,7 @@ jobs:
         run: sh .github/workflows/expose_service_ports.sh
 
       - name: Set up Sandbox
-        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@v2
+        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@4894d2492015c1774ee5a13a95b1072093087ec3 # v2.5.0
         with:
           compose-file: |
             docker/docker-compose.middleware.yaml
@@ -71,34 +119,94 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cp api/tests/integration_tests/.env.example api/tests/integration_tests/.env
 
-      - name: Run API Tests
-        env:
-          STORAGE_TYPE: opendal
-          OPENDAL_SCHEME: fs
-          OPENDAL_FS_ROOT: /tmp/dify-storage
+      - name: Run Integration Tests
         run: |
           uv run --project api pytest \
+            -n auto \
             --timeout "${PYTEST_TIMEOUT:-180}" \
             api/tests/integration_tests/workflow \
             api/tests/integration_tests/tools \
-            api/tests/test_containers_integration_tests \
-            api/tests/unit_tests
+            api/tests/test_containers_integration_tests
 
-      - name: Coverage Summary
+      - name: Upload integration coverage data
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: api-coverage-integration
+          path: coverage-integration
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  api-coverage:
+    name: API Coverage
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - api-unit
+      - api-integration
+    env:
+      CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      COVERAGE_FILE: .coverage
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup UV and Python
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+          python-version: "3.12"
+          cache-dependency-glob: api/uv.lock
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: uv sync --project api --dev
+
+      - name: Download coverage data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          path: coverage-data
+          pattern: api-coverage-*
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Combine coverage
         run: |
-          set -x
-          # Extract coverage percentage and create a summary
-          TOTAL_COVERAGE=$(python -c 'import json; print(json.load(open("coverage.json"))["totals"]["percent_covered_display"])')
+          set -euo pipefail
 
-          # Create a detailed coverage summary
-          echo "### Test Coverage Summary :test_tube:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Total Coverage: ${TOTAL_COVERAGE}%" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "### API Coverage" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          echo "" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          echo "Merged backend coverage report generated for Codecov project status." >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          echo "" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+
+          unit_coverage="$(find coverage-data -type f -name coverage-unit -print -quit)"
+          integration_coverage="$(find coverage-data -type f -name coverage-integration -print -quit)"
+          : "${unit_coverage:?coverage-unit artifact not found}"
+          : "${integration_coverage:?coverage-integration artifact not found}"
+
+          report_file="$(mktemp)"
+          uv run --project api coverage combine "$unit_coverage" "$integration_coverage"
+          uv run --project api coverage report --show-missing | tee "$report_file"
+          echo "Summary: \`$(tail -n 1 "$report_file")\`" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
           {
             echo ""
-            echo "<details><summary>File-level coverage (click to expand)</summary>"
+            echo "<details><summary>Coverage report</summary>"
             echo ""
             echo '```'
-            uv run --project api coverage report -m
+            cat "$report_file"
             echo '```'
             echo "</details>"
-          } >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          } >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          uv run --project api coverage xml -o coverage.xml
+
+      - name: Report coverage
+        if: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN != '' }}
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@57e3a136b779b570ffcdbf80b3bdc90e7fab3de2 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          files: ./coverage.xml
+          disable_search: true
+          flags: api
+        env:
+          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/autofix.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ name: autofix.ci
 on:
   pull_request:
     branches: ["main"]
+  merge_group:
+    branches: ["main"]
+    types: [checks_requested]
   push:
     branches: ["main"]
 permissions:
@@ -12,30 +15,59 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: Complete merge group check
+        if: github.event_name == 'merge_group'
+        run: echo "autofix.ci updates pull request branches, not merge group refs."
+
+      - if: github.event_name != 'merge_group'
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
 
       - name: Check Docker Compose inputs
+        if: github.event_name != 'merge_group'
         id: docker-compose-changes
-        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
         with:
           files: |
             docker/generate_docker_compose
             docker/.env.example
             docker/docker-compose-template.yaml
             docker/docker-compose.yaml
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - name: Check web inputs
+        if: github.event_name != 'merge_group'
+        id: web-changes
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
+        with:
+          files: |
+            web/**
+            packages/**
+            package.json
+            pnpm-lock.yaml
+            pnpm-workspace.yaml
+            .npmrc
+            .nvmrc
+      - name: Check api inputs
+        if: github.event_name != 'merge_group'
+        id: api-changes
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
+        with:
+          files: |
+            api/**
+      - if: github.event_name != 'merge_group'
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+      - if: github.event_name != 'merge_group'
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
 
       - name: Generate Docker Compose
-        if: steps.docker-compose-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        if: github.event_name != 'merge_group' && steps.docker-compose-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         run: |
           cd docker
           ./generate_docker_compose
 
-      - run: |
+      - if: github.event_name != 'merge_group' && steps.api-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: |
           cd api
           uv sync --dev
           # fmt first to avoid line too long
@@ -46,11 +78,13 @@ jobs:
           uv run ruff format ..
 
       - name: count migration progress
+        if: github.event_name != 'merge_group' && steps.api-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         run: |
           cd api
           ./cnt_base.sh
 
       - name: ast-grep
+        if: github.event_name != 'merge_group' && steps.api-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         run: |
           # ast-grep exits 1 if no matches are found; allow idempotent runs.
           uvx --from ast-grep-cli ast-grep --pattern 'db.session.query($WHATEVER).filter($HERE)' --rewrite 'db.session.query($WHATEVER).where($HERE)' -l py --update-all || true
@@ -79,9 +113,14 @@ jobs:
           find . -name "*.py" -type f -exec sed -i.bak -E 's/"([^"]+)" \| None/Optional["\1"]/g; s/'"'"'([^'"'"']+)'"'"' \| None/Optional['"'"'\1'"'"']/g' {} \;
           find . -name "*.py.bak" -type f -delete
 
-      # mdformat breaks YAML front matter in markdown files. Add --exclude for directories containing YAML front matter.
-      - name: mdformat
-        run: |
-          uvx --python 3.13 mdformat . --exclude ".claude/skills/**/SKILL.md"
+      - name: Setup web environment
+        if: github.event_name != 'merge_group' && steps.web-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
 
-      - uses: autofix-ci/action@635ffb0c9798bd160680f18fd73371e355b85f27
+      - name: ESLint autofix
+        if: github.event_name != 'merge_group' && steps.web-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: |
+          vp exec eslint --concurrency=2 --prune-suppressions --quiet || true
+
+      - if: github.event_name != 'merge_group'
+        uses: autofix-ci/action@7a166d7532b277f34e16238930461bf77f9d7ed8 # v1.3.3

.github/workflows/build-push.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ on:
       - "build/**"
       - "release/e-*"
       - "hotfix/**"
+      - "feat/hitl-backend"
     tags:
       - "*"
 
@@ -23,27 +24,39 @@ env:
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/arm64' && 'arm64_runner' || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs_on }}
     if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
           - service_name: "build-api-amd64"
             image_name_env: "DIFY_API_IMAGE_NAME"
-            context: "api"
+            artifact_context: "api"
+            build_context: "{{defaultContext}}:api"
+            file: "Dockerfile"
             platform: linux/amd64
+            runs_on: ubuntu-latest
           - service_name: "build-api-arm64"
             image_name_env: "DIFY_API_IMAGE_NAME"
-            context: "api"
+            artifact_context: "api"
+            build_context: "{{defaultContext}}:api"
+            file: "Dockerfile"
             platform: linux/arm64
+            runs_on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           - service_name: "build-web-amd64"
             image_name_env: "DIFY_WEB_IMAGE_NAME"
-            context: "web"
+            artifact_context: "web"
+            build_context: "{{defaultContext}}"
+            file: "web/Dockerfile"
             platform: linux/amd64
+            runs_on: ubuntu-latest
           - service_name: "build-web-arm64"
             image_name_env: "DIFY_WEB_IMAGE_NAME"
-            context: "web"
+            artifact_context: "web"
+            build_context: "{{defaultContext}}"
+            file: "web/Dockerfile"
             platform: linux/arm64
+            runs_on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
 
     steps:
       - name: Prepare
@@ -52,28 +65,26 @@ jobs:
           echo "PLATFORM_PAIR=${platform//\//-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           username: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Extract metadata for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
         with:
           images: ${{ env[matrix.image_name_env] }}
 
       - name: Build Docker image
         id: build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f # v7.1.0
         with:
-          context: "{{defaultContext}}:${{ matrix.context }}"
+          context: ${{ matrix.build_context }}
+          file: ${{ matrix.file }}
           platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
           build-args: COMMIT_SHA=${{ fromJSON(steps.meta.outputs.json).labels['org.opencontainers.image.revision'] }}
           labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
@@ -90,9 +101,9 @@ jobs:
           touch "/tmp/digests/${sanitized_digest}"
 
       - name: Upload digest
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: digests-${{ matrix.context }}-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
+          name: digests-${{ matrix.artifact_context }}-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
           path: /tmp/digests/*
           if-no-files-found: error
           retention-days: 1
@@ -112,21 +123,21 @@ jobs:
             context: "web"
     steps:
       - name: Download digests
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
           path: /tmp/digests
           pattern: digests-${{ matrix.context }}-*
           merge-multiple: true
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           username: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Extract metadata for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
         with:
           images: ${{ env[matrix.image_name_env] }}
           tags: |

.github/workflows/db-migration-test.yml

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           python-version: "3.12"
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
           cp middleware.env.example middleware.env
 
       - name: Set up Middlewares
-        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@v2.0.2
+        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@4894d2492015c1774ee5a13a95b1072093087ec3 # v2.5.0
         with:
           compose-file: |
             docker/docker-compose.middleware.yaml
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           python-version: "3.12"
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
           sed -i 's/DB_USERNAME=postgres/DB_USERNAME=mysql/' middleware.env
 
       - name: Set up Middlewares
-        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@v2.0.2
+        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@4894d2492015c1774ee5a13a95b1072093087ec3 # v2.5.0
         with:
           compose-file: |
             docker/docker-compose.middleware.yaml

.github/workflows/deploy-agent-dev.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Deploy Agent Dev
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Build and Push API & Web"]
+    branches:
+      - "deploy/agent-dev"
+    types:
+      - completed
+
+jobs:
+  deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: |
+      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' &&
+      github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'deploy/agent-dev'
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to server
+        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@0ff4204d59e8e51228ff73bce53f80d53301dee2 # v1.2.5
+        with:
+          host: ${{ secrets.AGENT_DEV_SSH_HOST }}
+          username: ${{ secrets.SSH_USER }}
+          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          script: |
+            ${{ vars.SSH_SCRIPT || secrets.SSH_SCRIPT }}

.github/workflows/deploy-dev.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
       github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'deploy/dev'
     steps:
       - name: Deploy to server
-        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v0.1.8
+        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@0ff4204d59e8e51228ff73bce53f80d53301dee2 # v1.2.5
         with:
           host: ${{ secrets.SSH_HOST }}
           username: ${{ secrets.SSH_USER }}

.github/workflows/deploy-hitl.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: Deploy HITL
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Build and Push API & Web"]
+    branches:
+      - "build/feat/hitl"
+    types:
+      - completed
+
+jobs:
+  deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: |
+      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' &&
+      github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'build/feat/hitl'
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to server
+        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@0ff4204d59e8e51228ff73bce53f80d53301dee2 # v1.2.5
+        with:
+          host: ${{ secrets.HITL_SSH_HOST }}
+          username: ${{ secrets.SSH_USER }}
+          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          script: |
+            ${{ vars.SSH_SCRIPT || secrets.SSH_SCRIPT }}

.github/workflows/deploy-trigger-dev.yml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-name: Deploy Trigger Dev
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-on:
-  workflow_run:
-    workflows: ["Build and Push API & Web"]
-    branches:
-      - "deploy/trigger-dev"
-    types:
-      - completed
-
-jobs:
-  deploy:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: |
-      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' &&
-      github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'deploy/trigger-dev'
-    steps:
-      - name: Deploy to server
-        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v0.1.8
-        with:
-          host: ${{ secrets.TRIGGER_SSH_HOST }}
-          username: ${{ secrets.SSH_USER }}
-          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          script: |
-            ${{ vars.SSH_SCRIPT || secrets.SSH_SCRIPT }}

.github/workflows/docker-build.yml

@@ -14,35 +14,40 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   build-docker:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs_on }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
           - service_name: "api-amd64"
             platform: linux/amd64
-            context: "api"
+            runs_on: ubuntu-latest
+            context: "{{defaultContext}}:api"
+            file: "Dockerfile"
           - service_name: "api-arm64"
             platform: linux/arm64
-            context: "api"
+            runs_on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            context: "{{defaultContext}}:api"
+            file: "Dockerfile"
           - service_name: "web-amd64"
             platform: linux/amd64
-            context: "web"
+            runs_on: ubuntu-latest
+            context: "{{defaultContext}}"
+            file: "web/Dockerfile"
           - service_name: "web-arm64"
             platform: linux/arm64
-            context: "web"
+            runs_on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            context: "{{defaultContext}}"
+            file: "web/Dockerfile"
     steps:
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Build Docker Image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f # v7.1.0
         with:
           push: false
-          context: "{{defaultContext}}:${{ matrix.context }}"
-          file: "${{ matrix.file }}"
+          context: ${{ matrix.context }}
+          file: ${{ matrix.file }}
           platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
           cache-from: type=gha
           cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

.github/workflows/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: "Pull Request Labeler"
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+
+jobs:
+  labeler:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/labeler@634933edcd8ababfe52f92936142cc22ac488b1b # v6.0.1
+        with:
+          sync-labels: true

.github/workflows/main-ci.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@ name: Main CI Pipeline
 on:
   pull_request:
     branches: ["main"]
+  merge_group:
+    branches: ["main"]
+    types: [checks_requested]
   push:
     branches: ["main"]
 
 permissions:
+  actions: write
   contents: write
   pull-requests: write
   checks: write
@@ -17,63 +21,410 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
+  pre_job:
+    name: Skip Duplicate Checks
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      should_skip: ${{ steps.skip_check.outputs.should_skip || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - id: skip_check
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: fkirc/skip-duplicate-actions@f75f66ce1886f00957d99748a42c724f4330bdcf # v5.3.1
+        with:
+          cancel_others: 'true'
+          concurrent_skipping: same_content_newer
+
   # Check which paths were changed to determine which tests to run
   check-changes:
     name: Check Changed Files
+    needs: pre_job
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       api-changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.api }}
+      e2e-changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.e2e }}
       web-changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.web }}
       vdb-changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.vdb }}
       migration-changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.migration }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@fbd0ab8f3e69293af611ebaee6363fc25e6d187d # v4.0.1
         id: changes
         with:
           filters: |
             api:
               - 'api/**'
-              - 'docker/**'
               - '.github/workflows/api-tests.yml'
+              - '.github/workflows/expose_service_ports.sh'
+              - 'docker/.env.example'
+              - 'docker/middleware.env.example'
+              - 'docker/docker-compose.middleware.yaml'
+              - 'docker/docker-compose-template.yaml'
+              - 'docker/generate_docker_compose'
+              - 'docker/ssrf_proxy/**'
+              - 'docker/volumes/sandbox/conf/**'
             web:
               - 'web/**'
+              - 'packages/**'
+              - 'package.json'
+              - 'pnpm-lock.yaml'
+              - 'pnpm-workspace.yaml'
+              - '.npmrc'
+              - '.nvmrc'
               - '.github/workflows/web-tests.yml'
+              - '.github/actions/setup-web/**'
+            e2e:
+              - 'api/**'
+              - 'api/pyproject.toml'
+              - 'api/uv.lock'
+              - 'e2e/**'
+              - 'web/**'
+              - 'packages/**'
+              - 'package.json'
+              - 'pnpm-lock.yaml'
+              - 'pnpm-workspace.yaml'
+              - '.npmrc'
+              - '.nvmrc'
+              - 'docker/docker-compose.middleware.yaml'
+              - 'docker/middleware.env.example'
+              - '.github/workflows/web-e2e.yml'
+              - '.github/actions/setup-web/**'
             vdb:
               - 'api/core/rag/datasource/**'
-              - 'docker/**'
+              - 'api/tests/integration_tests/vdb/**'
+              - 'api/providers/vdb/*/tests/**'
               - '.github/workflows/vdb-tests.yml'
+              - '.github/workflows/expose_service_ports.sh'
+              - 'docker/.env.example'
+              - 'docker/middleware.env.example'
+              - 'docker/docker-compose.yaml'
+              - 'docker/docker-compose-template.yaml'
+              - 'docker/generate_docker_compose'
+              - 'docker/certbot/**'
+              - 'docker/couchbase-server/**'
+              - 'docker/elasticsearch/**'
+              - 'docker/iris/**'
+              - 'docker/nginx/**'
+              - 'docker/pgvector/**'
+              - 'docker/ssrf_proxy/**'
+              - 'docker/startupscripts/**'
+              - 'docker/tidb/**'
+              - 'docker/volumes/**'
               - 'api/uv.lock'
               - 'api/pyproject.toml'
             migration:
               - 'api/migrations/**'
+              - 'api/.env.example'
               - '.github/workflows/db-migration-test.yml'
+              - '.github/workflows/expose_service_ports.sh'
+              - 'docker/.env.example'
+              - 'docker/middleware.env.example'
+              - 'docker/docker-compose.middleware.yaml'
+              - 'docker/docker-compose-template.yaml'
+              - 'docker/generate_docker_compose'
+              - 'docker/ssrf_proxy/**'
+              - 'docker/volumes/sandbox/conf/**'
+
+  # Run tests in parallel while always emitting stable required checks.
+  api-tests-run:
+    name: Run API Tests
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.api-changed == 'true'
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/api-tests.yml
+    secrets: inherit
+
+  api-tests-skip:
+    name: Skip API Tests
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.api-changed != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Report skipped API tests
+        run: echo "No API-related changes detected; skipping API tests."
 
-  # Run tests in parallel
   api-tests:
     name: API Tests
-    needs: check-changes
-    if: needs.check-changes.outputs.api-changed == 'true'
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/api-tests.yml
+    if: ${{ always() }}
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+      - api-tests-run
+      - api-tests-skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Finalize API Tests status
+        env:
+          SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW: ${{ needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip }}
+          TESTS_CHANGED: ${{ needs.check-changes.outputs.api-changed }}
+          RUN_RESULT: ${{ needs.api-tests-run.result }}
+          SKIP_RESULT: ${{ needs.api-tests-skip.result }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ "$SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW" == 'true' ]]; then
+            echo "API tests were skipped because this workflow run duplicated a successful or newer run."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$TESTS_CHANGED" == 'true' ]]; then
+            if [[ "$RUN_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+              echo "API tests ran successfully."
+              exit 0
+            fi
+
+            echo "API tests were required but finished with result: $RUN_RESULT" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$SKIP_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+            echo "API tests were skipped because no API-related files changed."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          echo "API tests were not required, but the skip job finished with result: $SKIP_RESULT" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+  web-tests-run:
+    name: Run Web Tests
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.web-changed == 'true'
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/web-tests.yml
+    secrets: inherit
+
+  web-tests-skip:
+    name: Skip Web Tests
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.web-changed != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Report skipped web tests
+        run: echo "No web-related changes detected; skipping web tests."
 
   web-tests:
     name: Web Tests
-    needs: check-changes
-    if: needs.check-changes.outputs.web-changed == 'true'
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/web-tests.yml
+    if: ${{ always() }}
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+      - web-tests-run
+      - web-tests-skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Finalize Web Tests status
+        env:
+          SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW: ${{ needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip }}
+          TESTS_CHANGED: ${{ needs.check-changes.outputs.web-changed }}
+          RUN_RESULT: ${{ needs.web-tests-run.result }}
+          SKIP_RESULT: ${{ needs.web-tests-skip.result }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ "$SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW" == 'true' ]]; then
+            echo "Web tests were skipped because this workflow run duplicated a successful or newer run."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$TESTS_CHANGED" == 'true' ]]; then
+            if [[ "$RUN_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+              echo "Web tests ran successfully."
+              exit 0
+            fi
+
+            echo "Web tests were required but finished with result: $RUN_RESULT" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$SKIP_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+            echo "Web tests were skipped because no web-related files changed."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          echo "Web tests were not required, but the skip job finished with result: $SKIP_RESULT" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+  web-e2e-run:
+    name: Run Web Full-Stack E2E
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.e2e-changed == 'true'
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/web-e2e.yml
+
+  web-e2e-skip:
+    name: Skip Web Full-Stack E2E
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.e2e-changed != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Report skipped web full-stack e2e
+        run: echo "No E2E-related changes detected; skipping web full-stack E2E."
+
+  web-e2e:
+    name: Web Full-Stack E2E
+    if: ${{ always() }}
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+      - web-e2e-run
+      - web-e2e-skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Finalize Web Full-Stack E2E status
+        env:
+          SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW: ${{ needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip }}
+          TESTS_CHANGED: ${{ needs.check-changes.outputs.e2e-changed }}
+          RUN_RESULT: ${{ needs.web-e2e-run.result }}
+          SKIP_RESULT: ${{ needs.web-e2e-skip.result }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ "$SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW" == 'true' ]]; then
+            echo "Web full-stack E2E was skipped because this workflow run duplicated a successful or newer run."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$TESTS_CHANGED" == 'true' ]]; then
+            if [[ "$RUN_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+              echo "Web full-stack E2E ran successfully."
+              exit 0
+            fi
+
+            echo "Web full-stack E2E was required but finished with result: $RUN_RESULT" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$SKIP_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+            echo "Web full-stack E2E was skipped because no E2E-related files changed."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          echo "Web full-stack E2E was not required, but the skip job finished with result: $SKIP_RESULT" >&2
+          exit 1
 
   style-check:
     name: Style Check
+    needs: pre_job
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true'
     uses: ./.github/workflows/style.yml
 
+  vdb-tests-run:
+    name: Run VDB Tests
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.vdb-changed == 'true'
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/vdb-tests.yml
+
+  vdb-tests-skip:
+    name: Skip VDB Tests
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.vdb-changed != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Report skipped VDB tests
+        run: echo "No VDB-related changes detected; skipping VDB tests."
+
   vdb-tests:
     name: VDB Tests
-    needs: check-changes
-    if: needs.check-changes.outputs.vdb-changed == 'true'
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/vdb-tests.yml
+    if: ${{ always() }}
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+      - vdb-tests-run
+      - vdb-tests-skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Finalize VDB Tests status
+        env:
+          SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW: ${{ needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip }}
+          TESTS_CHANGED: ${{ needs.check-changes.outputs.vdb-changed }}
+          RUN_RESULT: ${{ needs.vdb-tests-run.result }}
+          SKIP_RESULT: ${{ needs.vdb-tests-skip.result }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ "$SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW" == 'true' ]]; then
+            echo "VDB tests were skipped because this workflow run duplicated a successful or newer run."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$TESTS_CHANGED" == 'true' ]]; then
+            if [[ "$RUN_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+              echo "VDB tests ran successfully."
+              exit 0
+            fi
+
+            echo "VDB tests were required but finished with result: $RUN_RESULT" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$SKIP_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+            echo "VDB tests were skipped because no VDB-related files changed."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          echo "VDB tests were not required, but the skip job finished with result: $SKIP_RESULT" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+  db-migration-test-run:
+    name: Run DB Migration Test
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.migration-changed == 'true'
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/db-migration-test.yml
+
+  db-migration-test-skip:
+    name: Skip DB Migration Test
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && needs.check-changes.outputs.migration-changed != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Report skipped DB migration tests
+        run: echo "No migration-related changes detected; skipping DB migration tests."
 
   db-migration-test:
     name: DB Migration Test
-    needs: check-changes
-    if: needs.check-changes.outputs.migration-changed == 'true'
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/db-migration-test.yml
+    if: ${{ always() }}
+    needs:
+      - pre_job
+      - check-changes
+      - db-migration-test-run
+      - db-migration-test-skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Finalize DB Migration Test status
+        env:
+          SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW: ${{ needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip }}
+          TESTS_CHANGED: ${{ needs.check-changes.outputs.migration-changed }}
+          RUN_RESULT: ${{ needs.db-migration-test-run.result }}
+          SKIP_RESULT: ${{ needs.db-migration-test-skip.result }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ "$SHOULD_SKIP_WORKFLOW" == 'true' ]]; then
+            echo "DB migration tests were skipped because this workflow run duplicated a successful or newer run."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$TESTS_CHANGED" == 'true' ]]; then
+            if [[ "$RUN_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+              echo "DB migration tests ran successfully."
+              exit 0
+            fi
+
+            echo "DB migration tests were required but finished with result: $RUN_RESULT" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "$SKIP_RESULT" == 'success' ]]; then
+            echo "DB migration tests were skipped because no migration-related files changed."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          echo "DB migration tests were not required, but the skip job finished with result: $SKIP_RESULT" >&2
+          exit 1

.github/workflows/pyrefly-diff-comment.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+name: Comment with Pyrefly Diff
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows:
+      - Pyrefly Diff Check
+    types:
+      - completed
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  comment:
+    name: Comment PR with pyrefly diff
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' && github.event.workflow_run.pull_requests[0].head.repo.full_name != github.repository }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Download pyrefly diff artifact
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            const artifacts = await github.rest.actions.listWorkflowRunArtifacts({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }},
+            });
+            const match = artifacts.data.artifacts.find((artifact) =>
+              artifact.name === 'pyrefly_diff'
+            );
+            if (!match) {
+              throw new Error('pyrefly_diff artifact not found');
+            }
+            const download = await github.rest.actions.downloadArtifact({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              artifact_id: match.id,
+              archive_format: 'zip',
+            });
+            fs.writeFileSync('pyrefly_diff.zip', Buffer.from(download.data));
+
+      - name: Unzip artifact
+        run: unzip -o pyrefly_diff.zip
+
+      - name: Post comment
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            let diff = fs.readFileSync('pyrefly_diff.txt', { encoding: 'utf8' });
+            let prNumber = null;
+            try {
+              prNumber = parseInt(fs.readFileSync('pr_number.txt', { encoding: 'utf8' }), 10);
+            } catch (err) {
+              // Fallback to workflow_run payload if artifact is missing or incomplete.
+              const prs = context.payload.workflow_run.pull_requests || [];
+              if (prs.length > 0 && prs[0].number) {
+                prNumber = prs[0].number;
+              }
+            }
+            if (!prNumber) {
+              throw new Error('PR number not found in artifact or workflow_run payload');
+            }
+
+            const MAX_CHARS = 65000;
+            if (diff.length > MAX_CHARS) {
+              diff = diff.slice(0, MAX_CHARS);
+              diff = diff.slice(0, diff.lastIndexOf('\\n'));
+              diff += '\\n\\n... (truncated) ...';
+            }
+
+            if (diff.trim()) {
+              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+                issue_number: prNumber,
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                body: '### Pyrefly Diff\n<details>\n<summary>base → PR</summary>\n\n```diff\n' + diff + '\n```\n</details>',
+              });
+            }

.github/workflows/pyrefly-diff.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+name: Pyrefly Diff Check
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - 'api/**/*.py'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  pyrefly-diff:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup Python & UV
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: uv sync --project api --dev
+
+      - name: Prepare diagnostics extractor
+        run: |
+          git show ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}:api/libs/pyrefly_diagnostics.py > /tmp/pyrefly_diagnostics.py
+
+      - name: Run pyrefly on PR branch
+        run: |
+          uv run --directory api --dev pyrefly check 2>&1 \
+            | uv run --directory api python /tmp/pyrefly_diagnostics.py > /tmp/pyrefly_pr.txt || true
+
+      - name: Checkout base branch
+        run: git checkout ${{ github.base_ref }}
+
+      - name: Run pyrefly on base branch
+        run: |
+          uv run --directory api --dev pyrefly check 2>&1 \
+            | uv run --directory api python /tmp/pyrefly_diagnostics.py > /tmp/pyrefly_base.txt || true
+
+      - name: Compute diff
+        run: |
+          diff -u /tmp/pyrefly_base.txt /tmp/pyrefly_pr.txt > pyrefly_diff.txt || true
+
+      - name: Check if line counts match
+        id: line_count_check
+        run: |
+          base_lines=$(wc -l < /tmp/pyrefly_base.txt)
+          pr_lines=$(wc -l < /tmp/pyrefly_pr.txt)
+          if [ "$base_lines" -eq "$pr_lines" ]; then
+            echo "same=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "same=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
+      - name: Save PR number
+        run: |
+          echo ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} > pr_number.txt
+
+      - name: Upload pyrefly diff
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: pyrefly_diff
+          path: |
+            pyrefly_diff.txt
+            pr_number.txt
+
+      - name: Comment PR with pyrefly diff
+        if: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && steps.line_count_check.outputs.same == 'false' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            let diff = fs.readFileSync('pyrefly_diff.txt', { encoding: 'utf8' });
+            const prNumber = context.payload.pull_request.number;
+
+            const MAX_CHARS = 65000;
+            if (diff.length > MAX_CHARS) {
+              diff = diff.slice(0, MAX_CHARS);
+              diff = diff.slice(0, diff.lastIndexOf('\n'));
+              diff += '\n\n... (truncated) ...';
+            }
+
+            const body = diff.trim()
+              ? [
+                  '### Pyrefly Diff',
+                  '<details>',
+                  '<summary>base → PR</summary>',
+                  '',
+                  '```diff',
+                  diff,
+                  '```',
+                  '</details>',
+                ].join('\n')
+              : '### Pyrefly Diff\nNo changes detected.';
+
+            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              issue_number: prNumber,
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              body,
+            });

.github/workflows/pyrefly-type-coverage-comment.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+name: Comment with Pyrefly Type Coverage
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows:
+      - Pyrefly Type Coverage
+    types:
+      - completed
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  comment:
+    name: Comment PR with type coverage
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' && github.event.workflow_run.pull_requests[0].head.repo.full_name != github.repository }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout default branch (trusted code)
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+
+      - name: Setup Python & UV
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: uv sync --project api --dev
+
+      - name: Download type coverage artifact
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            const artifacts = await github.rest.actions.listWorkflowRunArtifacts({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }},
+            });
+            const match = artifacts.data.artifacts.find((artifact) =>
+              artifact.name === 'pyrefly_type_coverage'
+            );
+            if (!match) {
+              throw new Error('pyrefly_type_coverage artifact not found');
+            }
+            const download = await github.rest.actions.downloadArtifact({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              artifact_id: match.id,
+              archive_format: 'zip',
+            });
+            fs.writeFileSync('pyrefly_type_coverage.zip', Buffer.from(download.data));
+
+      - name: Unzip artifact
+        run: unzip -o pyrefly_type_coverage.zip
+
+      - name: Render coverage markdown from structured data
+        id: render
+        run: |
+          comment_body="$(uv run --directory api python libs/pyrefly_type_coverage.py \
+            --base base_report.json \
+            < pr_report.json)"
+
+          {
+            echo "### Pyrefly Type Coverage"
+            echo ""
+            echo "$comment_body"
+          } > /tmp/type_coverage_comment.md
+
+      - name: Post comment
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            const body = fs.readFileSync('/tmp/type_coverage_comment.md', { encoding: 'utf8' });
+            let prNumber = null;
+            try {
+              prNumber = parseInt(fs.readFileSync('pr_number.txt', { encoding: 'utf8' }), 10);
+            } catch (err) {
+              const prs = context.payload.workflow_run.pull_requests || [];
+              if (prs.length > 0 && prs[0].number) {
+                prNumber = prs[0].number;
+              }
+            }
+            if (!prNumber) {
+              throw new Error('PR number not found in artifact or workflow_run payload');
+            }
+
+            // Update existing comment if one exists, otherwise create new
+            const { data: comments } = await github.rest.issues.listComments({
+              issue_number: prNumber,
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+            });
+            const marker = '### Pyrefly Type Coverage';
+            const existing = comments.find(c => c.body.startsWith(marker));
+
+            if (existing) {
+              await github.rest.issues.updateComment({
+                comment_id: existing.id,
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                body,
+              });
+            } else {
+              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+                issue_number: prNumber,
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                body,
+              });
+            }

.github/workflows/pyrefly-type-coverage.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+name: Pyrefly Type Coverage
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - 'api/**/*.py'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  pyrefly-type-coverage:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup Python & UV
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: uv sync --project api --dev
+
+      - name: Run pyrefly report on PR branch
+        run: |
+          uv run --directory api --dev pyrefly report 2>/dev/null > /tmp/pyrefly_report_pr.tmp && \
+            mv /tmp/pyrefly_report_pr.tmp /tmp/pyrefly_report_pr.json || \
+            echo '{}' > /tmp/pyrefly_report_pr.json
+
+      - name: Save helper script from base branch
+        run: |
+          git show ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}:api/libs/pyrefly_type_coverage.py > /tmp/pyrefly_type_coverage.py 2>/dev/null \
+            || cp api/libs/pyrefly_type_coverage.py /tmp/pyrefly_type_coverage.py
+
+      - name: Checkout base branch
+        run: git checkout ${{ github.base_ref }}
+
+      - name: Run pyrefly report on base branch
+        run: |
+          uv run --directory api --dev pyrefly report 2>/dev/null > /tmp/pyrefly_report_base.tmp && \
+            mv /tmp/pyrefly_report_base.tmp /tmp/pyrefly_report_base.json || \
+            echo '{}' > /tmp/pyrefly_report_base.json
+
+      - name: Generate coverage comparison
+        id: coverage
+        run: |
+          comment_body="$(uv run --directory api python /tmp/pyrefly_type_coverage.py \
+            --base /tmp/pyrefly_report_base.json \
+            < /tmp/pyrefly_report_pr.json)"
+
+          {
+            echo "### Pyrefly Type Coverage"
+            echo ""
+            echo "$comment_body"
+          } | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY" > /tmp/type_coverage_comment.md
+
+          # Save structured data for the fork-PR comment workflow
+          cp /tmp/pyrefly_report_pr.json pr_report.json
+          cp /tmp/pyrefly_report_base.json base_report.json
+
+      - name: Save PR number
+        run: |
+          echo ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} > pr_number.txt
+
+      - name: Upload type coverage artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: pyrefly_type_coverage
+          path: |
+            pr_report.json
+            base_report.json
+            pr_number.txt
+
+      - name: Comment PR with type coverage
+        if: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            const marker = '### Pyrefly Type Coverage';
+            let body;
+            try {
+              body = fs.readFileSync('/tmp/type_coverage_comment.md', { encoding: 'utf8' });
+            } catch {
+              body = `${marker}\n\n_Coverage report unavailable._`;
+            }
+            const prNumber = context.payload.pull_request.number;
+
+            // Update existing comment if one exists, otherwise create new
+            const { data: comments } = await github.rest.issues.listComments({
+              issue_number: prNumber,
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+            });
+            const existing = comments.find(c => c.body.startsWith(marker));
+
+            if (existing) {
+              await github.rest.issues.updateComment({
+                comment_id: existing.id,
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                body,
+              });
+            } else {
+              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+                issue_number: prNumber,
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                body,
+              });
+            }

.github/workflows/semantic-pull-request.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ on:
       - edited
       - reopened
       - synchronize
+  merge_group:
+    branches: ["main"]
+    types: [checks_requested]
 
 jobs:
   lint:
@@ -15,7 +18,11 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: read
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
+      - name: Complete merge group check
+        if: github.event_name == 'merge_group'
+        run: echo "Semantic PR title validation is handled on pull requests."
       - name: Check title
-        uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@v6.1.1
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@48f256284bd46cdaab1048c3721360e808335d50 # v6.1.1
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@v5
+      - uses: actions/stale@b5d41d4e1d5dceea10e7104786b73624c18a190f # v10.2.0
         with:
           days-before-issue-stale: 15
           days-before-issue-close: 3
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          stale-issue-message: "Close due to it's no longer active, if you have any questions, you can reopen it."
-          stale-pr-message: "Close due to it's no longer active, if you have any questions, you can reopen it."
+          stale-issue-message: "Closed due to inactivity. If you have any questions, you can reopen it."
+          stale-pr-message: "Closed due to inactivity. If you have any questions, you can reopen it."
           stale-issue-label: 'no-issue-activity'
           stale-pr-label: 'no-pr-activity'
-          any-of-labels: 'duplicate,question,invalid,wontfix,no-issue-activity,no-pr-activity,enhancement,cant-reproduce,help-wanted'
+          any-of-labels: '🌚 invalid,🙋‍♂️ question,wont-fix,no-issue-activity,no-pr-activity,💪 enhancement,🤔 cant-reproduce,🙏 help wanted'

.github/workflows/style.yml

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v47
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
         with:
           files: |
             api/**
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
         with:
           enable-cache: false
           python-version: "3.12"
@@ -47,13 +47,9 @@ jobs:
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         run: uv run --directory api --dev lint-imports
 
-      - name: Run Basedpyright Checks
+      - name: Run Type Checks
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        run: dev/basedpyright-check
-
-      - name: Run Mypy Type Checks
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        run: uv --directory api run mypy --exclude-gitignore --exclude 'tests/' --exclude 'migrations/' --check-untyped-defs --disable-error-code=import-untyped .
+        run: make type-check-core
 
       - name: Dotenv check
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
@@ -65,60 +61,73 @@ jobs:
     defaults:
       run:
         working-directory: ./web
+    permissions:
+      checks: write
+      pull-requests: read
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v47
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
         with:
           files: |
             web/**
+            e2e/**
+            sdks/nodejs-client/**
+            packages/**
+            package.json
+            pnpm-lock.yaml
+            pnpm-workspace.yaml
+            .npmrc
+            .nvmrc
             .github/workflows/style.yml
+            .github/actions/setup-web/**
 
-      - name: Install pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
-        with:
-          package_json_file: web/package.json
-          run_install: false
-
-      - name: Setup NodeJS
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+      - name: Setup web environment
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: pnpm
-          cache-dependency-path: ./web/pnpm-lock.yaml
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
 
-      - name: Web dependencies
+      - name: Restore ESLint cache
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+        id: eslint-cache-restore
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
+        with:
+          path: .eslintcache
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-eslint-${{ hashFiles('pnpm-lock.yaml', 'eslint.config.mjs', 'web/eslint.config.mjs', 'web/eslint.constants.mjs', 'web/plugins/eslint/**') }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-eslint-${{ hashFiles('pnpm-lock.yaml', 'eslint.config.mjs', 'web/eslint.config.mjs', 'web/eslint.constants.mjs', 'web/plugins/eslint/**') }}-
 
       - name: Web style check
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        working-directory: .
+        run: vp run lint:ci
+
+      - name: Web tsslint
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         working-directory: ./web
-        run: |
-          pnpm run lint
+        run: vp run lint:tss
 
       - name: Web type check
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm run type-check:tsgo
+        working-directory: .
+        run: vp run type-check
 
       - name: Web dead code check
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm run knip
+        run: vp run knip
 
-      - name: Web build check
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm run build
+      - name: Save ESLint cache
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true' && success() && steps.eslint-cache-restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
+        with:
+          path: .eslintcache
+          key: ${{ steps.eslint-cache-restore.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
 
   superlinter:
     name: SuperLinter
@@ -126,14 +135,14 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v47
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
         with:
           files: |
             **.sh
@@ -144,7 +153,7 @@ jobs:
             .editorconfig
 
       - name: Super-linter
-        uses: super-linter/super-linter/slim@v8
+        uses: super-linter/super-linter/slim@9e863354e3ff62e0727d37183162c4a88873df41 # v8.6.0
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         env:
           BASH_SEVERITY: warning

.github/workflows/tool-test-sdks.yaml

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ on:
       - main
     paths:
       - sdks/**
+      - package.json
+      - pnpm-lock.yaml
+      - pnpm-workspace.yaml
+      - .npmrc
 
 concurrency:
   group: sdk-tests-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -16,23 +20,19 @@ jobs:
     name: unit test for Node.js SDK
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        node-version: [16, 18, 20, 22]
-
     defaults:
       run:
         working-directory: sdks/nodejs-client
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+      - name: Use Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6.3.0
         with:
-          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
+          node-version: 22
           cache: ''
           cache-dependency-path: 'pnpm-lock.yaml'
 

.github/workflows/translate-i18n-base-on-english.yml

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-name: Translate i18n Files Based on English
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - 'web/i18n/en-US/*.json'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-  pull-requests: write
-
-jobs:
-  check-and-update:
-    if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        working-directory: web
-    steps:
-      # Keep use old checkout action version for https://github.com/peter-evans/create-pull-request/issues/4272
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Check for file changes in i18n/en-US
-        id: check_files
-        run: |
-          # Skip check for manual trigger, translate all files
-          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
-            echo "FILES_CHANGED=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            echo "FILE_ARGS=" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            echo "Manual trigger: translating all files"
-          else
-            git fetch origin "${{ github.event.before }}" || true
-            git fetch origin "${{ github.sha }}" || true
-            changed_files=$(git diff --name-only "${{ github.event.before }}" "${{ github.sha }}" -- 'i18n/en-US/*.json')
-            echo "Changed files: $changed_files"
-            if [ -n "$changed_files" ]; then
-              echo "FILES_CHANGED=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-              file_args=""
-              for file in $changed_files; do
-                filename=$(basename "$file" .json)
-                file_args="$file_args --file $filename"
-              done
-              echo "FILE_ARGS=$file_args" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-              echo "File arguments: $file_args"
-            else
-              echo "FILES_CHANGED=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            fi
-          fi
-
-      - name: Install pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
-        with:
-          package_json_file: web/package.json
-          run_install: false
-
-      - name: Set up Node.js
-        if: env.FILES_CHANGED == 'true'
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
-        with:
-          node-version: 'lts/*'
-          cache: pnpm
-          cache-dependency-path: ./web/pnpm-lock.yaml
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        if: env.FILES_CHANGED == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
-
-      - name: Generate i18n translations
-        if: env.FILES_CHANGED == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm run i18n:gen ${{ env.FILE_ARGS }}
-
-      - name: Create Pull Request
-        if: env.FILES_CHANGED == 'true'
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v6
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          commit-message: 'chore(i18n): update translations based on en-US changes'
-          title: 'chore(i18n): translate i18n files based on en-US changes'
-          body: |
-            This PR was automatically created to update i18n translation files based on changes in en-US locale.
-
-            **Triggered by:** ${{ github.sha }}
-
-            **Changes included:**
-            - Updated translation files for all locales
-          branch: chore/automated-i18n-updates-${{ github.sha }}
-          delete-branch: true

.github/workflows/translate-i18n-claude.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+name: Translate i18n Files with Claude Code
+
+# Note: claude-code-action doesn't support push events directly.
+# Push events are bridged by trigger-i18n-sync.yml via repository_dispatch.
+on:
+  repository_dispatch:
+    types: [i18n-sync]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      files:
+        description: 'Specific files to translate (space-separated, e.g., "app common"). Required for full mode; leave empty in incremental mode to use en-US files changed since HEAD~1.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      languages:
+        description: 'Specific languages to translate (space-separated, e.g., "zh-Hans ja-JP"). Leave empty for all supported target languages except en-US.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      mode:
+        description: 'Sync mode: incremental (compare with previous en-US revision) or full (sync all keys in scope)'
+        required: false
+        default: incremental
+        type: choice
+        options:
+          - incremental
+          - full
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: translate-i18n-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  translate:
+    if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Configure Git
+        run: |
+          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+
+      - name: Setup web environment
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
+
+      - name: Prepare sync context
+        id: context
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          DEFAULT_TARGET_LANGS=$(awk "
+            /value: '/ {
+              value=\$2
+              gsub(/[',]/, \"\", value)
+            }
+            /supported: true/ && value != \"en-US\" {
+              printf \"%s \", value
+            }
+          " web/i18n-config/languages.ts | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
+
+          generate_changes_json() {
+            node .github/scripts/generate-i18n-changes.mjs
+          }
+
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "repository_dispatch" ]; then
+            BASE_SHA="${{ github.event.client_payload.base_sha }}"
+            HEAD_SHA="${{ github.event.client_payload.head_sha }}"
+            CHANGED_FILES="${{ github.event.client_payload.changed_files }}"
+            TARGET_LANGS="$DEFAULT_TARGET_LANGS"
+            SYNC_MODE="${{ github.event.client_payload.sync_mode || 'incremental' }}"
+
+            if [ -n "${{ github.event.client_payload.changes_base64 }}" ]; then
+              printf '%s' '${{ github.event.client_payload.changes_base64 }}' | base64 -d > /tmp/i18n-changes.json
+              CHANGES_AVAILABLE="true"
+              CHANGES_SOURCE="embedded"
+            elif [ -n "$BASE_SHA" ] && [ -n "$CHANGED_FILES" ]; then
+              export BASE_SHA HEAD_SHA CHANGED_FILES
+              generate_changes_json
+              CHANGES_AVAILABLE="true"
+              CHANGES_SOURCE="recomputed"
+            else
+              printf '%s' '{"baseSha":"","headSha":"","files":[],"changes":{}}' > /tmp/i18n-changes.json
+              CHANGES_AVAILABLE="false"
+              CHANGES_SOURCE="unavailable"
+            fi
+          else
+            BASE_SHA=""
+            HEAD_SHA=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+            if [ -n "${{ github.event.inputs.languages }}" ]; then
+              TARGET_LANGS="${{ github.event.inputs.languages }}"
+            else
+              TARGET_LANGS="$DEFAULT_TARGET_LANGS"
+            fi
+            SYNC_MODE="${{ github.event.inputs.mode || 'incremental' }}"
+            if [ -n "${{ github.event.inputs.files }}" ]; then
+              CHANGED_FILES="${{ github.event.inputs.files }}"
+            elif [ "$SYNC_MODE" = "incremental" ]; then
+              BASE_SHA=$(git rev-parse HEAD~1 2>/dev/null || true)
+              if [ -n "$BASE_SHA" ]; then
+                CHANGED_FILES=$(git diff --name-only "$BASE_SHA" "$HEAD_SHA" -- 'web/i18n/en-US/*.json' 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's@^.*/@@p' | sed 's/\.json$//' | tr '\n' ' ' | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
+              else
+                CHANGED_FILES=$(find web/i18n/en-US -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.json' -print | sed -n 's@^.*/@@p' | sed 's/\.json$//' | sort | tr '\n' ' ' | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
+              fi
+            elif [ "$SYNC_MODE" = "full" ]; then
+              echo "workflow_dispatch full mode requires the files input to stay within CI limits." >&2
+              exit 1
+            else
+              CHANGED_FILES=""
+            fi
+
+            if [ "$SYNC_MODE" = "incremental" ] && [ -n "$CHANGED_FILES" ]; then
+              export BASE_SHA HEAD_SHA CHANGED_FILES
+              generate_changes_json
+              CHANGES_AVAILABLE="true"
+              CHANGES_SOURCE="local"
+            else
+              printf '%s' '{"baseSha":"","headSha":"","files":[],"changes":{}}' > /tmp/i18n-changes.json
+              CHANGES_AVAILABLE="false"
+              CHANGES_SOURCE="unavailable"
+            fi
+          fi
+
+          FILE_ARGS=""
+          if [ -n "$CHANGED_FILES" ]; then
+            FILE_ARGS="--file $CHANGED_FILES"
+          fi
+
+          LANG_ARGS=""
+          if [ -n "$TARGET_LANGS" ]; then
+            LANG_ARGS="--lang $TARGET_LANGS"
+          fi
+
+          {
+            echo "DEFAULT_TARGET_LANGS=$DEFAULT_TARGET_LANGS"
+            echo "BASE_SHA=$BASE_SHA"
+            echo "HEAD_SHA=$HEAD_SHA"
+            echo "CHANGED_FILES=$CHANGED_FILES"
+            echo "TARGET_LANGS=$TARGET_LANGS"
+            echo "SYNC_MODE=$SYNC_MODE"
+            echo "CHANGES_AVAILABLE=$CHANGES_AVAILABLE"
+            echo "CHANGES_SOURCE=$CHANGES_SOURCE"
+            echo "FILE_ARGS=$FILE_ARGS"
+            echo "LANG_ARGS=$LANG_ARGS"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+          echo "Files: ${CHANGED_FILES:-<none>}"
+          echo "Languages: ${TARGET_LANGS:-<none>}"
+          echo "Mode: $SYNC_MODE"
+
+      - name: Run Claude Code for Translation Sync
+        if: steps.context.outputs.CHANGED_FILES != ''
+        uses: anthropics/claude-code-action@b47fd721da662d48c5680e154ad16a73ed74d2e0 # v1.0.93
+        with:
+          anthropic_api_key: ${{ secrets.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          allowed_bots: 'github-actions[bot]'
+          show_full_output: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
+          prompt: |
+            You are the i18n sync agent for the Dify repository.
+            Your job is to keep translations synchronized with the English source files under `${{ github.workspace }}/web/i18n/en-US/`.
+
+            Use absolute paths at all times:
+            - Repo root: `${{ github.workspace }}`
+            - Web directory: `${{ github.workspace }}/web`
+            - Language config: `${{ github.workspace }}/web/i18n-config/languages.ts`
+
+            Inputs:
+            - Files in scope: `${{ steps.context.outputs.CHANGED_FILES }}`
+            - Target languages: `${{ steps.context.outputs.TARGET_LANGS }}`
+            - Sync mode: `${{ steps.context.outputs.SYNC_MODE }}`
+            - Base SHA: `${{ steps.context.outputs.BASE_SHA }}`
+            - Head SHA: `${{ steps.context.outputs.HEAD_SHA }}`
+            - Scoped file args: `${{ steps.context.outputs.FILE_ARGS }}`
+            - Scoped language args: `${{ steps.context.outputs.LANG_ARGS }}`
+            - Structured change set available: `${{ steps.context.outputs.CHANGES_AVAILABLE }}`
+            - Structured change set source: `${{ steps.context.outputs.CHANGES_SOURCE }}`
+            - Structured change set file: `/tmp/i18n-changes.json`
+
+            Tool rules:
+            - Use Read for repository files.
+            - Use Edit for JSON updates.
+            - Use Bash only for `vp`.
+            - Do not use Bash for `git`, `gh`, or branch management.
+
+            Required execution plan:
+            1. Resolve target languages.
+               - Use the provided `Target languages` value as the source of truth.
+               - If it is unexpectedly empty, read `${{ github.workspace }}/web/i18n-config/languages.ts` and use every language with `supported: true` except `en-US`.
+            2. Stay strictly in scope.
+               - Only process the files listed in `Files in scope`.
+               - Only process the resolved target languages, never `en-US`.
+               - Do not touch unrelated i18n files.
+               - Do not modify `${{ github.workspace }}/web/i18n/en-US/`.
+            3. Resolve source changes.
+               - If `Structured change set available` is `true`, read `/tmp/i18n-changes.json` and use it as the source of truth for file-level and key-level changes.
+               - For each file entry:
+                 - `added` contains new English keys that need translations.
+                 - `updated` contains stale keys whose English source changed; re-translate using the `after` value.
+                 - `deleted` contains keys that should be removed from locale files.
+                 - `fileDeleted: true` means the English file no longer exists; remove the matching locale file if present.
+               - Read the current English JSON file for any file that still exists so wording, placeholders, and surrounding terminology stay accurate.
+               - If `Structured change set available` is `false`, treat this as a scoped full sync and use the current English files plus scoped checks as the source of truth.
+            4. Run a scoped pre-check before editing:
+               - `vp run dify-web#i18n:check ${{ steps.context.outputs.FILE_ARGS }} ${{ steps.context.outputs.LANG_ARGS }}`
+               - Use this command as the source of truth for missing and extra keys inside the current scope.
+            5. Apply translations.
+               - For every target language and scoped file:
+                 - If `fileDeleted` is `true`, remove the locale file if it exists and skip the rest of that file.
+                 - If the locale file does not exist yet, create it with `Write` and then continue with `Edit` as needed.
+                 - ADD missing keys.
+                 - UPDATE stale translations when the English value changed.
+                 - DELETE removed keys. Prefer `vp run dify-web#i18n:check ${{ steps.context.outputs.FILE_ARGS }} ${{ steps.context.outputs.LANG_ARGS }} --auto-remove` for extra keys so deletions stay in scope.
+               - Preserve placeholders exactly: `{{variable}}`, `${variable}`, HTML tags, component tags, and variable names.
+               - Match the existing terminology and register used by each locale.
+               - Prefer one Edit per file when stable, but prioritize correctness over batching.
+            6. Verify only the edited files.
+               - Run `vp run dify-web#lint:fix --quiet -- <relative edited i18n file paths under web/>`
+               - Run `vp run dify-web#i18n:check ${{ steps.context.outputs.FILE_ARGS }} ${{ steps.context.outputs.LANG_ARGS }}`
+               - If verification fails, fix the remaining problems before continuing.
+            7. Stop after the scoped locale files are updated and verification passes.
+               - Do not create branches, commits, or pull requests.
+          claude_args: |
+            --max-turns 120
+            --allowedTools "Read,Write,Edit,Bash(vp *),Bash(vp:*),Glob,Grep"
+
+      - name: Prepare branch metadata
+        id: pr_meta
+        if: steps.context.outputs.CHANGED_FILES != ''
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -z "$(git -C "${{ github.workspace }}" status --porcelain -- web/i18n/)" ]; then
+            echo "has_changes=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          SCOPE_HASH=$(printf '%s|%s|%s' "${{ steps.context.outputs.CHANGED_FILES }}" "${{ steps.context.outputs.TARGET_LANGS }}" "${{ steps.context.outputs.SYNC_MODE }}" | sha256sum | cut -c1-8)
+          HEAD_SHORT=$(printf '%s' "${{ steps.context.outputs.HEAD_SHA }}" | cut -c1-12)
+          BRANCH_NAME="chore/i18n-sync-${HEAD_SHORT}-${SCOPE_HASH}"
+
+          {
+            echo "has_changes=true"
+            echo "branch_name=$BRANCH_NAME"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Commit translation changes
+        if: steps.pr_meta.outputs.has_changes == 'true'
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          git -C "${{ github.workspace }}" checkout -B "${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.branch_name }}"
+          git -C "${{ github.workspace }}" add web/i18n/
+          git -C "${{ github.workspace }}" commit -m "chore(i18n): sync translations with en-US"
+
+      - name: Push translation branch
+        if: steps.pr_meta.outputs.has_changes == 'true'
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if git -C "${{ github.workspace }}" ls-remote --exit-code --heads origin "${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.branch_name }}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            git -C "${{ github.workspace }}" push --force-with-lease origin "${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.branch_name }}"
+          else
+            git -C "${{ github.workspace }}" push --set-upstream origin "${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.branch_name }}"
+          fi
+
+      - name: Create or update translation PR
+        if: steps.pr_meta.outputs.has_changes == 'true'
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          BRANCH_NAME: ${{ steps.pr_meta.outputs.branch_name }}
+          FILES_IN_SCOPE: ${{ steps.context.outputs.CHANGED_FILES }}
+          TARGET_LANGS: ${{ steps.context.outputs.TARGET_LANGS }}
+          SYNC_MODE: ${{ steps.context.outputs.SYNC_MODE }}
+          CHANGES_SOURCE: ${{ steps.context.outputs.CHANGES_SOURCE }}
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ steps.context.outputs.BASE_SHA }}
+          HEAD_SHA: ${{ steps.context.outputs.HEAD_SHA }}
+          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          PR_BODY_FILE=/tmp/i18n-pr-body.md
+          LANG_COUNT=$(printf '%s\n' "$TARGET_LANGS" | wc -w | tr -d ' ')
+          if [ "$LANG_COUNT" = "0" ]; then
+            LANG_COUNT="0"
+          fi
+          export LANG_COUNT
+
+          node <<'NODE' > "$PR_BODY_FILE"
+          const fs = require('node:fs')
+
+          const changesPath = '/tmp/i18n-changes.json'
+          const changes = fs.existsSync(changesPath)
+            ? JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(changesPath, 'utf8'))
+            : { changes: {} }
+
+          const filesInScope = (process.env.FILES_IN_SCOPE || '').split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean)
+          const lines = [
+            '## Summary',
+            '',
+            `- **Files synced**: \`${process.env.FILES_IN_SCOPE || '<none>'}\``,
+            `- **Languages updated**: ${process.env.TARGET_LANGS || '<none>'} (${process.env.LANG_COUNT} languages)`,
+            `- **Sync mode**: ${process.env.SYNC_MODE}${process.env.BASE_SHA ? ` (base: \`${process.env.BASE_SHA.slice(0, 10)}\`, head: \`${process.env.HEAD_SHA.slice(0, 10)}\`)` : ` (head: \`${process.env.HEAD_SHA.slice(0, 10)}\`)`}`,
+            '',
+            '### Key changes',
+          ]
+
+          for (const fileName of filesInScope) {
+            const fileChange = changes.changes?.[fileName] || { added: {}, updated: {}, deleted: [], fileDeleted: false }
+            const addedKeys = Object.keys(fileChange.added || {})
+            const updatedKeys = Object.keys(fileChange.updated || {})
+            const deletedKeys = fileChange.deleted || []
+            lines.push(`- \`${fileName}\`: +${addedKeys.length} / ~${updatedKeys.length} / -${deletedKeys.length}${fileChange.fileDeleted ? ' (file deleted in en-US)' : ''}`)
+          }
+
+          lines.push(
+            '',
+            '## Verification',
+            '',
+            `- \`vp run dify-web#i18n:check --file ${process.env.FILES_IN_SCOPE} --lang ${process.env.TARGET_LANGS}\``,
+            `- \`vp run dify-web#lint:fix --quiet -- <edited i18n files under web/>\``,
+            '',
+            '## Notes',
+            '',
+            '- This PR was generated from structured en-US key changes produced by `trigger-i18n-sync.yml`.',
+            `- Structured change source: ${process.env.CHANGES_SOURCE || 'unknown'}.`,
+            '- Branch name is deterministic for the head SHA and scope, so reruns update the same PR instead of opening duplicates.',
+            '',
+            '🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)'
+          )
+
+          process.stdout.write(lines.join('\n'))
+          NODE
+
+          EXISTING_PR_NUMBER=$(gh pr list --repo "$REPO_NAME" --head "$BRANCH_NAME" --state open --json number --jq '.[0].number')
+
+          if [ -n "$EXISTING_PR_NUMBER" ] && [ "$EXISTING_PR_NUMBER" != "null" ]; then
+            gh pr edit "$EXISTING_PR_NUMBER" --repo "$REPO_NAME" --title "chore(i18n): sync translations with en-US" --body-file "$PR_BODY_FILE"
+          else
+            gh pr create --repo "$REPO_NAME" --head "$BRANCH_NAME" --base main --title "chore(i18n): sync translations with en-US" --body-file "$PR_BODY_FILE"
+          fi

.github/workflows/trigger-i18n-sync.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+name: Trigger i18n Sync on Push
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+    paths:
+      - 'web/i18n/en-US/*.json'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: trigger-i18n-sync-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  trigger:
+    if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Detect changed files and build structured change set
+        id: detect
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          BASE_SHA="${{ github.event.before }}"
+          if [ -z "$BASE_SHA" ] || [ "$BASE_SHA" = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000" ]; then
+            BASE_SHA=$(git rev-parse HEAD~1 2>/dev/null || true)
+          fi
+          HEAD_SHA="${{ github.sha }}"
+
+          if [ -n "$BASE_SHA" ]; then
+            CHANGED_FILES=$(git diff --name-only "$BASE_SHA" "$HEAD_SHA" -- 'web/i18n/en-US/*.json' 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's@^.*/@@p' | sed 's/\.json$//' | tr '\n' ' ' | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
+          else
+            CHANGED_FILES=$(find web/i18n/en-US -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.json' -print | sed -n 's@^.*/@@p' | sed 's/\.json$//' | sort | tr '\n' ' ' | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
+          fi
+
+          export BASE_SHA HEAD_SHA CHANGED_FILES
+          node .github/scripts/generate-i18n-changes.mjs
+
+          if [ -n "$CHANGED_FILES" ]; then
+            echo "has_changes=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_changes=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+
+          echo "base_sha=$BASE_SHA" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "head_sha=$HEAD_SHA" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "changed_files=$CHANGED_FILES" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Trigger i18n sync workflow
+        if: steps.detect.outputs.has_changes == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ steps.detect.outputs.base_sha }}
+          HEAD_SHA: ${{ steps.detect.outputs.head_sha }}
+          CHANGED_FILES: ${{ steps.detect.outputs.changed_files }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs')
+
+            const changesJson = fs.readFileSync('/tmp/i18n-changes.json', 'utf8')
+            const changesBase64 = Buffer.from(changesJson).toString('base64')
+            const maxEmbeddedChangesChars = 48000
+            const changesEmbedded = changesBase64.length <= maxEmbeddedChangesChars
+
+            if (!changesEmbedded) {
+              console.log(`Structured change set too large to embed safely (${changesBase64.length} chars). Downstream workflow will regenerate it from git history.`)
+            }
+
+            await github.rest.repos.createDispatchEvent({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              event_type: 'i18n-sync',
+              client_payload: {
+                changed_files: process.env.CHANGED_FILES,
+                changes_base64: changesEmbedded ? changesBase64 : '',
+                changes_embedded: changesEmbedded,
+                sync_mode: 'incremental',
+                base_sha: process.env.BASE_SHA,
+                head_sha: process.env.HEAD_SHA,
+              },
+            })

.github/workflows/vdb-tests-full.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+name: Run Full VDB Tests
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 3 * * 1'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: vdb-tests-full-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Full VDB Tests
+    if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version:
+          - "3.12"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Free Disk Space
+        uses: endersonmenezes/free-disk-space@7901478139cff6e9d44df5972fd8ab8fcade4db1 # v3.2.2
+        with:
+          remove_dotnet: true
+          remove_haskell: true
+          remove_tool_cache: true
+
+      - name: Setup UV and Python
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          cache-dependency-glob: api/uv.lock
+
+      - name: Check UV lockfile
+        run: uv lock --project api --check
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: uv sync --project api --dev
+
+      - name: Set up dotenvs
+        run: |
+          cp docker/.env.example docker/.env
+          cp docker/middleware.env.example docker/middleware.env
+
+      - name: Expose Service Ports
+        run: sh .github/workflows/expose_service_ports.sh
+
+#      - name: Set up Vector Store (TiDB)
+#        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@v2.0.2
+#        with:
+#          compose-file: docker/tidb/docker-compose.yaml
+#          services: |
+#            tidb
+#            tiflash
+
+      - name: Set up Full Vector Store Matrix
+        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@4894d2492015c1774ee5a13a95b1072093087ec3 # v2.5.0
+        with:
+          compose-file: |
+            docker/docker-compose.yaml
+          services: |
+            weaviate
+            qdrant
+            couchbase-server
+            etcd
+            minio
+            milvus-standalone
+            pgvecto-rs
+            pgvector
+            chroma
+            elasticsearch
+            oceanbase
+
+      - name: setup test config
+        run: |
+          echo $(pwd)
+          ls -lah .
+          cp api/tests/integration_tests/.env.example api/tests/integration_tests/.env
+
+#      - name: Check VDB Ready (TiDB)
+#        run: uv run --project api python api/providers/vdb/tidb-vector/tests/integration_tests/check_tiflash_ready.py
+
+      - name: Test Vector Stores
+        run: uv run --project api bash dev/pytest/pytest_vdb.sh

.github/workflows/vdb-tests.yml

@@ -1,37 +1,39 @@
-name: Run VDB Tests
+name: Run VDB Smoke Tests
 
 on:
   workflow_call:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: vdb-tests-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
   test:
-    name: VDB Tests
+    name: VDB Smoke Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "3.11"
           - "3.12"
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Free Disk Space
-        uses: endersonmenezes/free-disk-space@v3
+        uses: endersonmenezes/free-disk-space@7901478139cff6e9d44df5972fd8ab8fcade4db1 # v3.2.2
         with:
           remove_dotnet: true
           remove_haskell: true
           remove_tool_cache: true
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -59,23 +61,18 @@ jobs:
 #            tidb
 #            tiflash
 
-      - name: Set up Vector Stores (Weaviate, Qdrant, PGVector, Milvus, PgVecto-RS, Chroma, MyScale, ElasticSearch, Couchbase, OceanBase)
-        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@v2.0.2
+      - name: Set up Vector Stores for Smoke Coverage
+        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@4894d2492015c1774ee5a13a95b1072093087ec3 # v2.5.0
         with:
           compose-file: |
             docker/docker-compose.yaml
           services: |
+            db_postgres
+            redis
             weaviate
             qdrant
-            couchbase-server
-            etcd
-            minio
-            milvus-standalone
-            pgvecto-rs
             pgvector
             chroma
-            elasticsearch
-            oceanbase
 
       - name: setup test config
         run: |
@@ -84,7 +81,12 @@ jobs:
           cp api/tests/integration_tests/.env.example api/tests/integration_tests/.env
 
 #      - name: Check VDB Ready (TiDB)
-#        run: uv run --project api python api/tests/integration_tests/vdb/tidb_vector/check_tiflash_ready.py
+#        run: uv run --project api python api/providers/vdb/tidb-vector/tests/integration_tests/check_tiflash_ready.py
 
       - name: Test Vector Stores
-        run: uv run --project api bash dev/pytest/pytest_vdb.sh
+        run: |
+          uv run --project api pytest --timeout "${PYTEST_TIMEOUT:-180}" \
+            api/providers/vdb/vdb-chroma/tests/integration_tests \
+            api/providers/vdb/vdb-pgvector/tests/integration_tests \
+            api/providers/vdb/vdb-qdrant/tests/integration_tests \
+            api/providers/vdb/vdb-weaviate/tests/integration_tests

.github/workflows/web-e2e.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+name: Web Full-Stack E2E
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: web-e2e-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Web Full-Stack E2E
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup web dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
+
+      - name: Setup UV and Python
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57 # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+          python-version: "3.12"
+          cache-dependency-glob: api/uv.lock
+
+      - name: Install API dependencies
+        run: uv sync --project api --dev
+
+      - name: Install Playwright browser
+        working-directory: ./e2e
+        run: vp run e2e:install
+
+      - name: Run isolated source-api and built-web Cucumber E2E tests
+        working-directory: ./e2e
+        env:
+          E2E_ADMIN_EMAIL: e2e-admin@example.com
+          E2E_ADMIN_NAME: E2E Admin
+          E2E_ADMIN_PASSWORD: E2eAdmin12345
+          E2E_FORCE_WEB_BUILD: "1"
+          E2E_INIT_PASSWORD: E2eInit12345
+        run: vp run e2e:full
+
+      - name: Upload Cucumber report
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: cucumber-report
+          path: e2e/cucumber-report
+          retention-days: 7
+
+      - name: Upload E2E logs
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: e2e-logs
+          path: e2e/.logs
+          retention-days: 7

.github/workflows/web-tests.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@ name: Web Tests
 
 on:
   workflow_call:
+    secrets:
+      CODECOV_TOKEN:
+        required: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 concurrency:
   group: web-tests-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -9,8 +15,15 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   test:
-    name: Web Tests
+    name: Web Tests (${{ matrix.shardIndex }}/${{ matrix.shardTotal }})
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      VITEST_COVERAGE_SCOPE: app-components
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        shardIndex: [1, 2, 3, 4]
+        shardTotal: [4]
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
@@ -18,351 +31,95 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - name: Install pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
-        with:
-          package_json_file: web/package.json
-          run_install: false
-
-      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: pnpm
-          cache-dependency-path: ./web/pnpm-lock.yaml
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+      - name: Setup web environment
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
 
       - name: Run tests
-        run: pnpm test:coverage
+        run: vp test run --reporter=blob --shard=${{ matrix.shardIndex }}/${{ matrix.shardTotal }} --coverage
 
-      - name: Coverage Summary
-        if: always()
-        id: coverage-summary
-        run: |
-          set -eo pipefail
-
-          COVERAGE_FILE="coverage/coverage-final.json"
-          COVERAGE_SUMMARY_FILE="coverage/coverage-summary.json"
-
-          if [ ! -f "$COVERAGE_FILE" ] && [ ! -f "$COVERAGE_SUMMARY_FILE" ]; then
-            echo "has_coverage=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            echo "### 🚨 Test Coverage Report :test_tube:" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-            echo "Coverage data not found. Ensure Vitest runs with coverage enabled." >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-            exit 0
-          fi
-
-          echo "has_coverage=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-
-          node <<'NODE' >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          const fs = require('fs');
-          const path = require('path');
-          let libCoverage = null;
-
-          try {
-            libCoverage = require('istanbul-lib-coverage');
-          } catch (error) {
-            libCoverage = null;
-          }
-
-          const summaryPath = path.join('coverage', 'coverage-summary.json');
-          const finalPath = path.join('coverage', 'coverage-final.json');
-
-          const hasSummary = fs.existsSync(summaryPath);
-          const hasFinal = fs.existsSync(finalPath);
-
-          if (!hasSummary && !hasFinal) {
-            console.log('### Test Coverage Summary :test_tube:');
-            console.log('');
-            console.log('No coverage data found.');
-            process.exit(0);
-          }
-
-          const summary = hasSummary
-            ? JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(summaryPath, 'utf8'))
-            : null;
-          const coverage = hasFinal
-            ? JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(finalPath, 'utf8'))
-            : null;
-
-          const getLineCoverageFromStatements = (statementMap, statementHits) => {
-            const lineHits = {};
-
-            if (!statementMap || !statementHits) {
-              return lineHits;
-            }
-
-            Object.entries(statementMap).forEach(([key, statement]) => {
-              const line = statement?.start?.line;
-              if (!line) {
-                return;
-              }
-              const hits = statementHits[key] ?? 0;
-              const previous = lineHits[line];
-              lineHits[line] = previous === undefined ? hits : Math.max(previous, hits);
-            });
-
-            return lineHits;
-          };
-
-          const getFileCoverage = (entry) => (
-            libCoverage ? libCoverage.createFileCoverage(entry) : null
-          );
-
-          const getLineHits = (entry, fileCoverage) => {
-            const lineHits = entry.l ?? {};
-            if (Object.keys(lineHits).length > 0) {
-              return lineHits;
-            }
-            if (fileCoverage) {
-              return fileCoverage.getLineCoverage();
-            }
-            return getLineCoverageFromStatements(entry.statementMap ?? {}, entry.s ?? {});
-          };
-
-          const getUncoveredLines = (entry, fileCoverage, lineHits) => {
-            if (lineHits && Object.keys(lineHits).length > 0) {
-              return Object.entries(lineHits)
-                .filter(([, count]) => count === 0)
-                .map(([line]) => Number(line))
-                .sort((a, b) => a - b);
-            }
-            if (fileCoverage) {
-              return fileCoverage.getUncoveredLines();
-            }
-            return [];
-          };
-
-          const totals = {
-            lines: { covered: 0, total: 0 },
-            statements: { covered: 0, total: 0 },
-            branches: { covered: 0, total: 0 },
-            functions: { covered: 0, total: 0 },
-          };
-          const fileSummaries = [];
-
-          if (summary) {
-            const totalEntry = summary.total ?? {};
-            ['lines', 'statements', 'branches', 'functions'].forEach((key) => {
-              if (totalEntry[key]) {
-                totals[key].covered = totalEntry[key].covered ?? 0;
-                totals[key].total = totalEntry[key].total ?? 0;
-              }
-            });
-
-            Object.entries(summary)
-              .filter(([file]) => file !== 'total')
-              .forEach(([file, data]) => {
-                fileSummaries.push({
-                  file,
-                  pct: data.lines?.pct ?? data.statements?.pct ?? 0,
-                  lines: {
-                    covered: data.lines?.covered ?? 0,
-                    total: data.lines?.total ?? 0,
-                  },
-                });
-              });
-          } else if (coverage) {
-            Object.entries(coverage).forEach(([file, entry]) => {
-              const fileCoverage = getFileCoverage(entry);
-              const lineHits = getLineHits(entry, fileCoverage);
-              const statementHits = entry.s ?? {};
-              const branchHits = entry.b ?? {};
-              const functionHits = entry.f ?? {};
-
-              const lineTotal = Object.keys(lineHits).length;
-              const lineCovered = Object.values(lineHits).filter((n) => n > 0).length;
-
-              const statementTotal = Object.keys(statementHits).length;
-              const statementCovered = Object.values(statementHits).filter((n) => n > 0).length;
-
-              const branchTotal = Object.values(branchHits).reduce((acc, branches) => acc + branches.length, 0);
-              const branchCovered = Object.values(branchHits).reduce(
-                (acc, branches) => acc + branches.filter((n) => n > 0).length,
-                0,
-              );
-
-              const functionTotal = Object.keys(functionHits).length;
-              const functionCovered = Object.values(functionHits).filter((n) => n > 0).length;
-
-              totals.lines.total += lineTotal;
-              totals.lines.covered += lineCovered;
-              totals.statements.total += statementTotal;
-              totals.statements.covered += statementCovered;
-              totals.branches.total += branchTotal;
-              totals.branches.covered += branchCovered;
-              totals.functions.total += functionTotal;
-              totals.functions.covered += functionCovered;
-
-              const pct = (covered, tot) => (tot > 0 ? (covered / tot) * 100 : 0);
-
-              fileSummaries.push({
-                file,
-                pct: pct(lineCovered || statementCovered, lineTotal || statementTotal),
-                lines: {
-                  covered: lineCovered || statementCovered,
-                  total: lineTotal || statementTotal,
-                },
-              });
-            });
-          }
-
-          const pct = (covered, tot) => (tot > 0 ? ((covered / tot) * 100).toFixed(2) : '0.00');
-
-          console.log('### Test Coverage Summary :test_tube:');
-          console.log('');
-          console.log('| Metric | Coverage | Covered / Total |');
-          console.log('|--------|----------|-----------------|');
-          console.log(`| Lines | ${pct(totals.lines.covered, totals.lines.total)}% | ${totals.lines.covered} / ${totals.lines.total} |`);
-          console.log(`| Statements | ${pct(totals.statements.covered, totals.statements.total)}% | ${totals.statements.covered} / ${totals.statements.total} |`);
-          console.log(`| Branches | ${pct(totals.branches.covered, totals.branches.total)}% | ${totals.branches.covered} / ${totals.branches.total} |`);
-          console.log(`| Functions | ${pct(totals.functions.covered, totals.functions.total)}% | ${totals.functions.covered} / ${totals.functions.total} |`);
-
-          console.log('');
-          console.log('<details><summary>File coverage (lowest lines first)</summary>');
-          console.log('');
-          console.log('```');
-          fileSummaries
-            .sort((a, b) => (a.pct - b.pct) || (b.lines.total - a.lines.total))
-            .slice(0, 25)
-            .forEach(({ file, pct, lines }) => {
-              console.log(`${pct.toFixed(2)}%\t${lines.covered}/${lines.total}\t${file}`);
-            });
-          console.log('```');
-          console.log('</details>');
-
-          if (coverage) {
-            const pctValue = (covered, tot) => {
-              if (tot === 0) {
-                return '0';
-              }
-              return ((covered / tot) * 100)
-                .toFixed(2)
-                .replace(/\.?0+$/, '');
-            };
-
-            const formatLineRanges = (lines) => {
-              if (lines.length === 0) {
-                return '';
-              }
-              const ranges = [];
-              let start = lines[0];
-              let end = lines[0];
-
-              for (let i = 1; i < lines.length; i += 1) {
-                const current = lines[i];
-                if (current === end + 1) {
-                  end = current;
-                  continue;
-                }
-                ranges.push(start === end ? `${start}` : `${start}-${end}`);
-                start = current;
-                end = current;
-              }
-              ranges.push(start === end ? `${start}` : `${start}-${end}`);
-              return ranges.join(',');
-            };
-
-            const tableTotals = {
-              statements: { covered: 0, total: 0 },
-              branches: { covered: 0, total: 0 },
-              functions: { covered: 0, total: 0 },
-              lines: { covered: 0, total: 0 },
-            };
-            const tableRows = Object.entries(coverage)
-              .map(([file, entry]) => {
-                const fileCoverage = getFileCoverage(entry);
-                const lineHits = getLineHits(entry, fileCoverage);
-                const statementHits = entry.s ?? {};
-                const branchHits = entry.b ?? {};
-                const functionHits = entry.f ?? {};
-
-                const lineTotal = Object.keys(lineHits).length;
-                const lineCovered = Object.values(lineHits).filter((n) => n > 0).length;
-                const statementTotal = Object.keys(statementHits).length;
-                const statementCovered = Object.values(statementHits).filter((n) => n > 0).length;
-                const branchTotal = Object.values(branchHits).reduce((acc, branches) => acc + branches.length, 0);
-                const branchCovered = Object.values(branchHits).reduce(
-                  (acc, branches) => acc + branches.filter((n) => n > 0).length,
-                  0,
-                );
-                const functionTotal = Object.keys(functionHits).length;
-                const functionCovered = Object.values(functionHits).filter((n) => n > 0).length;
-
-                tableTotals.lines.total += lineTotal;
-                tableTotals.lines.covered += lineCovered;
-                tableTotals.statements.total += statementTotal;
-                tableTotals.statements.covered += statementCovered;
-                tableTotals.branches.total += branchTotal;
-                tableTotals.branches.covered += branchCovered;
-                tableTotals.functions.total += functionTotal;
-                tableTotals.functions.covered += functionCovered;
-
-                const uncoveredLines = getUncoveredLines(entry, fileCoverage, lineHits);
-
-                const filePath = entry.path ?? file;
-                const relativePath = path.isAbsolute(filePath)
-                  ? path.relative(process.cwd(), filePath)
-                  : filePath;
-
-                return {
-                  file: relativePath || file,
-                  statements: pctValue(statementCovered, statementTotal),
-                  branches: pctValue(branchCovered, branchTotal),
-                  functions: pctValue(functionCovered, functionTotal),
-                  lines: pctValue(lineCovered, lineTotal),
-                  uncovered: formatLineRanges(uncoveredLines),
-                };
-              })
-              .sort((a, b) => a.file.localeCompare(b.file));
-
-            const columns = [
-              { key: 'file', header: 'File', align: 'left' },
-              { key: 'statements', header: '% Stmts', align: 'right' },
-              { key: 'branches', header: '% Branch', align: 'right' },
-              { key: 'functions', header: '% Funcs', align: 'right' },
-              { key: 'lines', header: '% Lines', align: 'right' },
-              { key: 'uncovered', header: 'Uncovered Line #s', align: 'left' },
-            ];
-
-            const allFilesRow = {
-              file: 'All files',
-              statements: pctValue(tableTotals.statements.covered, tableTotals.statements.total),
-              branches: pctValue(tableTotals.branches.covered, tableTotals.branches.total),
-              functions: pctValue(tableTotals.functions.covered, tableTotals.functions.total),
-              lines: pctValue(tableTotals.lines.covered, tableTotals.lines.total),
-              uncovered: '',
-            };
-
-            const rowsForOutput = [allFilesRow, ...tableRows];
-            const formatRow = (row) => `| ${columns
-              .map(({ key }) => String(row[key] ?? ''))
-              .join(' | ')} |`;
-            const headerRow = `| ${columns.map(({ header }) => header).join(' | ')} |`;
-            const dividerRow = `| ${columns
-              .map(({ align }) => (align === 'right' ? '---:' : ':---'))
-              .join(' | ')} |`;
-
-            console.log('');
-            console.log('<details><summary>Vitest coverage table</summary>');
-            console.log('');
-            console.log(headerRow);
-            console.log(dividerRow);
-            rowsForOutput.forEach((row) => console.log(formatRow(row)));
-            console.log('</details>');
-          }
-          NODE
-
-      - name: Upload Coverage Artifact
-        if: steps.coverage-summary.outputs.has_coverage == 'true'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+      - name: Upload blob report
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: web-coverage-report
-          path: web/coverage
-          retention-days: 30
-          if-no-files-found: error
+          name: blob-report-${{ matrix.shardIndex }}
+          path: web/.vitest-reports/*
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  merge-reports:
+    name: Merge Test Reports
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+    needs: [test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: ./web
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup web environment
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
+
+      - name: Download blob reports
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          path: web/.vitest-reports
+          pattern: blob-report-*
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Merge reports
+        run: vp test --merge-reports --coverage --silent=passed-only
+
+      - name: Report coverage
+        if: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN != '' }}
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@57e3a136b779b570ffcdbf80b3bdc90e7fab3de2 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          directory: web/coverage
+          flags: web
+        env:
+          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+
+  dify-ui-test:
+    name: dify-ui Tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: ./packages/dify-ui
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup web environment
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
+
+      - name: Install Chromium for Browser Mode
+        run: vp exec playwright install --with-deps chromium
+
+      - name: Run dify-ui tests
+        run: vp test run --coverage --silent=passed-only
+
+      - name: Report coverage
+        if: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN != '' }}
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@57e3a136b779b570ffcdbf80b3bdc90e7fab3de2 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          directory: packages/dify-ui/coverage
+          flags: dify-ui
+        env:
+          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

.gitignore

@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ sdks/python-client/dify_client.egg-info
 
 .vscode/*
 !.vscode/launch.json.template
+!.vscode/settings.example.json
 !.vscode/README.md
 api/.vscode
 # vscode Code History Extension
@@ -212,6 +213,8 @@ api/.vscode
 
 # pnpm
 /.pnpm-store
+node_modules
+.vite-hooks/_
 
 # plugin migrate
 plugins.jsonl
@@ -222,6 +225,7 @@ mise.toml
 
 # AI Assistant
 .roo/
+/.claude/worktrees/
 api/.env.backup
 /clickzetta
 
@@ -236,3 +240,8 @@ scripts/stress-test/reports/
 # settings
 *.local.json
 *.local.md
+
+# Code Agent Folder
+.qoder/*
+
+.eslintcache

.npmrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+save-exact=true

.nvmrc

@@ -1 +1 @@
-22.11.0
+22

.vite-hooks/pre-commit

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# get the list of modified files
+files=$(git diff --cached --name-only)
+
+# check if api or web directory is modified
+
+api_modified=false
+web_modified=false
+skip_web_checks=false
+
+git_path() {
+    git rev-parse --git-path "$1"
+}
+
+if [ -f "$(git_path MERGE_HEAD)" ] || \
+   [ -f "$(git_path CHERRY_PICK_HEAD)" ] || \
+   [ -f "$(git_path REVERT_HEAD)" ] || \
+   [ -f "$(git_path SQUASH_MSG)" ] || \
+   [ -d "$(git_path rebase-merge)" ] || \
+   [ -d "$(git_path rebase-apply)" ]; then
+    skip_web_checks=true
+fi
+
+for file in $files
+do
+    # Use POSIX compliant pattern matching
+    case "$file" in
+        api/*.py)
+            # set api_modified flag to true
+            api_modified=true
+            ;;
+        web/*)
+            # set web_modified flag to true
+            web_modified=true
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+# run linters based on the modified modules
+
+if $api_modified; then
+    echo "Running Ruff linter on api module"
+
+    # run Ruff linter auto-fixing
+    uv run --project api --dev ruff check --fix ./api
+
+    # run Ruff linter checks
+    uv run --project api --dev ruff check  ./api || status=$?
+
+    status=${status:-0}
+
+    if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
+      echo "Ruff linter on api module error, exit code: $status"
+      echo "Please run 'dev/reformat' to fix the fixable linting errors."
+      exit 1
+    fi
+fi
+
+if $skip_web_checks; then
+    echo "Git operation in progress, skipping web checks"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+vp staged

.vscode/launch.json.template

@@ -2,21 +2,10 @@
     "version": "0.2.0",
     "configurations": [
         {
-            "name": "Python: Flask API",
+            "name": "Python: API (gevent)",
             "type": "debugpy",
             "request": "launch",
-            "module": "flask",
-            "env": {
-                "FLASK_APP": "app.py",
-                "FLASK_ENV": "development"
-            },
-            "args": [
-                "run",
-                "--host=0.0.0.0",
-                "--port=5001",
-                "--no-debugger",
-                "--no-reload"
-            ],
+            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/api/app.py",
             "jinja": true,
             "justMyCode": true,
             "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/api",
@@ -37,7 +26,7 @@
                 "-c",
                 "1",
                 "-Q",
-                "dataset,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor,retention",
+                "dataset,dataset_summary,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor,retention,workflow_based_app_execution",
                 "--loglevel",
                 "INFO"
             ],

.vscode/settings.example.json

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 {
-  // Disable the default formatter, use eslint instead
-  "prettier.enable": false,
-  "editor.formatOnSave": false,
+  "cucumber.features": [
+    "e2e/features/**/*.feature",
+  ],
+  "cucumber.glue": [
+    "e2e/features/**/*.ts",
+  ],
+
+  "tailwindCSS.experimental.configFile": "web/app/styles/globals.css",
 
   // Auto fix
   "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
     "source.fixAll.eslint": "explicit",
-    "source.organizeImports": "never"
   },
 
   // Silent the stylistic rules in your IDE, but still auto fix them

AGENTS.md

@@ -7,27 +7,18 @@ Dify is an open-source platform for developing LLM applications with an intuitiv
 The codebase is split into:
 
 - **Backend API** (`/api`): Python Flask application organized with Domain-Driven Design
-- **Frontend Web** (`/web`): Next.js 15 application using TypeScript and React 19
+- **Frontend Web** (`/web`): Next.js application using TypeScript and React
 - **Docker deployment** (`/docker`): Containerized deployment configurations
 
 ## Backend Workflow
 
+- Read `api/AGENTS.md` for details
 - Run backend CLI commands through `uv run --project api <command>`.
-
-- Before submission, all backend modifications must pass local checks: `make lint`, `make type-check`, and `uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh`.
-
-- Use Makefile targets for linting and formatting; `make lint` and `make type-check` cover the required checks.
-
 - Integration tests are CI-only and are not expected to run in the local environment.
 
 ## Frontend Workflow
 
-```bash
-cd web
-pnpm lint:fix
-pnpm type-check:tsgo
-pnpm test
-```
+- Read `web/AGENTS.md` for details
 
 ## Testing & Quality Practices
 
@@ -38,7 +29,7 @@ pnpm test
 
 ## Language Style
 
-- **Python**: Keep type hints on functions and attributes, and implement relevant special methods (e.g., `__repr__`, `__str__`).
+- **Python**: Keep type hints on functions and attributes, and implement relevant special methods (e.g., `__repr__`, `__str__`). Prefer `TypedDict` over `dict` or `Mapping` for type safety and better code documentation.
 - **TypeScript**: Use the strict config, rely on ESLint (`pnpm lint:fix` preferred) plus `pnpm type-check:tsgo`, and avoid `any` types.
 
 ## General Practices

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ How we prioritize:
 
 For setting up the frontend service, please refer to our comprehensive [guide](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/blob/main/web/README.md) in the `web/README.md` file. This document provides detailed instructions to help you set up the frontend environment properly.
 
-**Testing**: All React components must have comprehensive test coverage. See [web/testing/testing.md](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/blob/main/web/testing/testing.md) for the canonical frontend testing guidelines and follow every requirement described there.
+**Testing**: All React components must have comprehensive test coverage. See [web/docs/test.md](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/blob/main/web/docs/test.md) for the canonical frontend testing guidelines and follow every requirement described there.
 
 #### Backend
 

Makefile

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ prepare-docker:
 # Step 2: Prepare web environment
 prepare-web:
 	@echo "🌐 Setting up web environment..."
-	@cp -n web/.env.example web/.env 2>/dev/null || echo "Web .env already exists"
-	@cd web && pnpm install
+	@cp -n web/.env.example web/.env.local 2>/dev/null || echo "Web .env.local already exists"
+	@pnpm install
 	@echo "✅ Web environment prepared (not started)"
 
 # Step 3: Prepare API environment
@@ -61,25 +61,39 @@ check:
 
 lint:
 	@echo "🔧 Running ruff format, check with fixes, import linter, and dotenv-linter..."
-	@uv run --project api --dev sh -c 'ruff format ./api && ruff check --fix ./api'
+	@uv run --project api --dev ruff format ./api
+	@uv run --project api --dev ruff check --fix ./api
 	@uv run --directory api --dev lint-imports
 	@uv run --project api --dev dotenv-linter ./api/.env.example ./web/.env.example
 	@echo "✅ Linting complete"
 
 type-check:
-	@echo "📝 Running type check with basedpyright..."
-	@uv run --directory api --dev basedpyright
-	@echo "✅ Type check complete"
+	@echo "📝 Running type checks (basedpyright + pyrefly + mypy)..."
+	@./dev/basedpyright-check $(PATH_TO_CHECK)
+	@./dev/pyrefly-check-local
+	@uv --directory api run mypy --exclude-gitignore --exclude 'tests/' --exclude 'migrations/' --check-untyped-defs --disable-error-code=import-untyped .
+	@echo "✅ Type checks complete"
+
+type-check-core:
+	@echo "📝 Running core type checks (basedpyright + mypy)..."
+	@./dev/basedpyright-check $(PATH_TO_CHECK)
+	@uv --directory api run mypy --exclude-gitignore --exclude 'tests/' --exclude 'migrations/' --check-untyped-defs --disable-error-code=import-untyped .
+	@echo "✅ Core type checks complete"
 
 test:
 	@echo "🧪 Running backend unit tests..."
-	@uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh
+	@if [ -n "$(TARGET_TESTS)" ]; then \
+		echo "Target: $(TARGET_TESTS)"; \
+		uv run --project api --dev pytest $(TARGET_TESTS); \
+	else \
+		PYTEST_XDIST_ARGS="-n auto" uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh; \
+	fi
 	@echo "✅ Tests complete"
 
 # Build Docker images
 build-web:
 	@echo "Building web Docker image: $(WEB_IMAGE):$(VERSION)..."
-	docker build -t $(WEB_IMAGE):$(VERSION) ./web
+	docker build -f web/Dockerfile -t $(WEB_IMAGE):$(VERSION) .
 	@echo "Web Docker image built successfully: $(WEB_IMAGE):$(VERSION)"
 
 build-api:
@@ -124,8 +138,9 @@ help:
 	@echo "  make format         - Format code with ruff"
 	@echo "  make check          - Check code with ruff"
 	@echo "  make lint           - Format, fix, and lint code (ruff, imports, dotenv)"
-	@echo "  make type-check     - Run type checking with basedpyright"
-	@echo "  make test           - Run backend unit tests"
+	@echo "  make type-check     - Run type checks (basedpyright, pyrefly, mypy)"
+	@echo "  make type-check-core - Run core type checks (basedpyright, mypy)"
+	@echo "  make test           - Run backend unit tests (or TARGET_TESTS=./api/tests/<target_tests>)"
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Docker Build Targets:"
 	@echo "  make build-web      - Build web Docker image"

README.md

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 ![cover-v5-optimized](./images/GitHub_README_if.png)
 
-<p align="center">
-  📌 <a href="https://dify.ai/blog/introducing-dify-workflow-file-upload-a-demo-on-ai-podcast">Introducing Dify Workflow File Upload: Recreate Google NotebookLM Podcast</a>
-</p>
-
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://cloud.dify.ai">Dify Cloud</a> ·
   <a href="https://docs.dify.ai/getting-started/install-self-hosted">Self-hosting</a> ·
@@ -57,10 +53,14 @@
   <a href="./docs/tr-TR/README.md"><img alt="Türkçe README" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Türkçe-d9d9d9"></a>
   <a href="./docs/vi-VN/README.md"><img alt="README Tiếng Việt" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Ti%E1%BA%BFng%20Vi%E1%BB%87t-d9d9d9"></a>
   <a href="./docs/de-DE/README.md"><img alt="README in Deutsch" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/German-d9d9d9"></a>
+  <a href="./docs/it-IT/README.md"><img alt="README in Italiano" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Italiano-d9d9d9"></a>
+  <a href="./docs/pt-BR/README.md"><img alt="README em Português do Brasil" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Portugu%C3%AAs%20do%20Brasil-d9d9d9"></a>
+  <a href="./docs/sl-SI/README.md"><img alt="README Slovenščina" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Sloven%C5%A1%C4%8Dina-d9d9d9"></a>
   <a href="./docs/bn-BD/README.md"><img alt="README in বাংলা" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/বাংলা-d9d9d9"></a>
+  <a href="./docs/hi-IN/README.md"><img alt="README in हिन्दी" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Hindi-d9d9d9"></a>
 </p>
 
-Dify is an open-source platform for developing LLM applications. Its intuitive interface combines agentic AI workflows, RAG pipelines, agent capabilities, model management, observability features, and more—allowing you to quickly move from prototype to production.
+Dify is an open-source LLM app development platform. Its intuitive interface combines AI workflow, RAG pipeline, agent capabilities, model management, observability features (including [Opik](https://www.comet.com/docs/opik/integrations/dify), [Langfuse](https://docs.langfuse.com), and [Arize Phoenix](https://docs.arize.com/phoenix)) and more, letting you quickly go from prototype to production. Here's a list of the core features:
 
 ## Quick start
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Star Dify on GitHub and be instantly notified of new releases.
 
 ### Custom configurations
 
-If you need to customize the configuration, please refer to the comments in our [.env.example](docker/.env.example) file and update the corresponding values in your `.env` file. Additionally, you might need to make adjustments to the `docker-compose.yaml` file itself, such as changing image versions, port mappings, or volume mounts, based on your specific deployment environment and requirements. After making any changes, please re-run `docker-compose up -d`. You can find the full list of available environment variables [here](https://docs.dify.ai/getting-started/install-self-hosted/environments).
+If you need to customize the configuration, please refer to the comments in our [.env.example](docker/.env.example) file and update the corresponding values in your `.env` file. Additionally, you might need to make adjustments to the `docker-compose.yaml` file itself, such as changing image versions, port mappings, or volume mounts, based on your specific deployment environment and requirements. After making any changes, please re-run `docker compose up -d`. You can find the full list of available environment variables [here](https://docs.dify.ai/getting-started/install-self-hosted/environments).
 
 #### Customizing Suggested Questions
 

api/.env.example

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ APP_WEB_URL=http://localhost:3000
 # Files URL
 FILES_URL=http://localhost:5001
 
-# INTERNAL_FILES_URL is used for plugin daemon communication within Docker network.
-# Set this to the internal Docker service URL for proper plugin file access.
-# Example: INTERNAL_FILES_URL=http://api:5001
-INTERNAL_FILES_URL=http://127.0.0.1:5001
+# INTERNAL_FILES_URL is used by services running in Docker to reach the API file endpoints.
+# For Docker Desktop (Mac/Windows), use http://host.docker.internal:5001 when the API runs on the host.
+# For Docker Compose on Linux, use http://api:5001 when the API runs inside the Docker network.
+INTERNAL_FILES_URL=http://host.docker.internal:5001
 
 # TRIGGER URL
 TRIGGER_URL=http://localhost:5001
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ TRIGGER_URL=http://localhost:5001
 # The time in seconds after the signature is rejected
 FILES_ACCESS_TIMEOUT=300
 
+# Collaboration mode toggle
+ENABLE_COLLABORATION_MODE=false
+
 # Access token expiration time in minutes
 ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES=60
 
@@ -42,6 +45,8 @@ REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRE_DAYS=30
 # redis configuration
 REDIS_HOST=localhost
 REDIS_PORT=6379
+# Optional: limit total connections in connection pool (unset for default)
+# REDIS_MAX_CONNECTIONS=200
 REDIS_USERNAME=
 REDIS_PASSWORD=difyai123456
 REDIS_USE_SSL=false
@@ -55,6 +60,9 @@ REDIS_SSL_CERTFILE=
 REDIS_SSL_KEYFILE=
 # Path to client private key file for SSL authentication
 REDIS_DB=0
+# Optional global prefix for Redis keys, topics, streams, and Celery Redis transport artifacts.
+# Leave empty to preserve current unprefixed behavior.
+REDIS_KEY_PREFIX=
 
 # redis Sentinel configuration.
 REDIS_USE_SENTINEL=false
@@ -69,6 +77,13 @@ REDIS_USE_CLUSTERS=false
 REDIS_CLUSTERS=
 REDIS_CLUSTERS_PASSWORD=
 
+REDIS_RETRY_RETRIES=3
+REDIS_RETRY_BACKOFF_BASE=1.0
+REDIS_RETRY_BACKOFF_CAP=10.0
+REDIS_SOCKET_TIMEOUT=5.0
+REDIS_SOCKET_CONNECT_TIMEOUT=5.0
+REDIS_HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL=30
+
 # celery configuration
 CELERY_BROKER_URL=redis://:difyai123456@localhost:${REDIS_PORT}/1
 CELERY_BACKEND=redis
@@ -100,6 +115,7 @@ S3_BUCKET_NAME=your-bucket-name
 S3_ACCESS_KEY=your-access-key
 S3_SECRET_KEY=your-secret-key
 S3_REGION=your-region
+S3_ADDRESS_STYLE=auto
 
 # Workflow run and Conversation archive storage (S3-compatible)
 ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENABLED=false
@@ -125,7 +141,8 @@ ALIYUN_OSS_AUTH_VERSION=v1
 ALIYUN_OSS_REGION=your-region
 # Don't start with '/'. OSS doesn't support leading slash in object names.
 ALIYUN_OSS_PATH=your-path
-ALIYUN_CLOUDBOX_ID=your-cloudbox-id
+# Optional CloudBox ID for Aliyun OSS, DO NOT enable it if you are not using CloudBox.
+#ALIYUN_CLOUDBOX_ID=your-cloudbox-id
 
 # Google Storage configuration
 GOOGLE_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME=your-bucket-name
@@ -178,7 +195,7 @@ CONSOLE_CORS_ALLOW_ORIGINS=http://localhost:3000,*
 COOKIE_DOMAIN=
 
 # Vector database configuration
-# Supported values are `weaviate`, `oceanbase`, `qdrant`, `milvus`, `myscale`, `relyt`, `pgvector`, `pgvecto-rs`, `chroma`, `opensearch`, `oracle`, `tencent`, `elasticsearch`, `elasticsearch-ja`, `analyticdb`, `couchbase`, `vikingdb`,  `opengauss`, `tablestore`,`vastbase`,`tidb`,`tidb_on_qdrant`,`baidu`,`lindorm`,`huawei_cloud`,`upstash`, `matrixone`.
+# Supported values are `weaviate`, `oceanbase`, `qdrant`, `milvus`, `myscale`, `relyt`, `pgvector`, `pgvecto-rs`, `chroma`, `opensearch`, `oracle`, `tencent`, `elasticsearch`, `elasticsearch-ja`, `analyticdb`, `couchbase`, `vikingdb`,  `opengauss`, `tablestore`,`vastbase`,`tidb`,`tidb_on_qdrant`,`baidu`,`lindorm`,`huawei_cloud`,`upstash`, `matrixone`, `hologres`.
 VECTOR_STORE=weaviate
 # Prefix used to create collection name in vector database
 VECTOR_INDEX_NAME_PREFIX=Vector_index
@@ -186,7 +203,6 @@ VECTOR_INDEX_NAME_PREFIX=Vector_index
 # Weaviate configuration
 WEAVIATE_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:8080
 WEAVIATE_API_KEY=WVF5YThaHlkYwhGUSmCRgsX3tD5ngdN8pkih
-WEAVIATE_GRPC_ENABLED=false
 WEAVIATE_BATCH_SIZE=100
 WEAVIATE_TOKENIZATION=word
 
@@ -216,6 +232,20 @@ COUCHBASE_PASSWORD=password
 COUCHBASE_BUCKET_NAME=Embeddings
 COUCHBASE_SCOPE_NAME=_default
 
+# Hologres configuration
+# access_key_id is used as the PG username, access_key_secret is used as the PG password
+HOLOGRES_HOST=
+HOLOGRES_PORT=80
+HOLOGRES_DATABASE=
+HOLOGRES_ACCESS_KEY_ID=
+HOLOGRES_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=
+HOLOGRES_SCHEMA=public
+HOLOGRES_TOKENIZER=jieba
+HOLOGRES_DISTANCE_METHOD=Cosine
+HOLOGRES_BASE_QUANTIZATION_TYPE=rabitq
+HOLOGRES_MAX_DEGREE=64
+HOLOGRES_EF_CONSTRUCTION=400
+
 # Milvus configuration
 MILVUS_URI=http://127.0.0.1:19530
 MILVUS_TOKEN=
@@ -338,6 +368,9 @@ BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_SHARD=1
 BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_REPLICAS=3
 BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_INVERTED_INDEX_ANALYZER=DEFAULT_ANALYZER
 BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_INVERTED_INDEX_PARSER_MODE=COARSE_MODE
+BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_AUTO_BUILD_ROW_COUNT_INCREMENT=500
+BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_AUTO_BUILD_ROW_COUNT_INCREMENT_RATIO=0.05
+BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_REBUILD_INDEX_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS=300
 
 # Upstash configuration
 UPSTASH_VECTOR_URL=your-server-url
@@ -417,6 +450,8 @@ SMTP_USERNAME=123
 SMTP_PASSWORD=abc
 SMTP_USE_TLS=true
 SMTP_OPPORTUNISTIC_TLS=false
+# Optional: override the local hostname used for SMTP HELO/EHLO
+SMTP_LOCAL_HOSTNAME=
 # Sendgid configuration
 SENDGRID_API_KEY=
 # Sentry configuration
@@ -551,6 +586,8 @@ WORKFLOW_LOG_CLEANUP_ENABLED=false
 WORKFLOW_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS=30
 # Batch size for workflow log cleanup operations (default: 100)
 WORKFLOW_LOG_CLEANUP_BATCH_SIZE=100
+# Comma-separated list of workflow IDs to clean logs for
+WORKFLOW_LOG_CLEANUP_SPECIFIC_WORKFLOW_IDS=
 
 # App configuration
 APP_MAX_EXECUTION_TIME=1200
@@ -589,6 +626,7 @@ ENABLE_CLEAN_UNUSED_DATASETS_TASK=false
 ENABLE_CREATE_TIDB_SERVERLESS_TASK=false
 ENABLE_UPDATE_TIDB_SERVERLESS_STATUS_TASK=false
 ENABLE_CLEAN_MESSAGES=false
+ENABLE_WORKFLOW_RUN_CLEANUP_TASK=false
 ENABLE_MAIL_CLEAN_DOCUMENT_NOTIFY_TASK=false
 ENABLE_DATASETS_QUEUE_MONITOR=false
 ENABLE_CHECK_UPGRADABLE_PLUGIN_TASK=true
@@ -614,6 +652,7 @@ PLUGIN_DAEMON_URL=http://127.0.0.1:5002
 PLUGIN_REMOTE_INSTALL_PORT=5003
 PLUGIN_REMOTE_INSTALL_HOST=localhost
 PLUGIN_MAX_PACKAGE_SIZE=15728640
+PLUGIN_MODEL_SCHEMA_CACHE_TTL=3600
 INNER_API_KEY_FOR_PLUGIN=QaHbTe77CtuXmsfyhR7+vRjI/+XbV1AaFy691iy+kGDv2Jvy0/eAh8Y1
 
 # Marketplace configuration
@@ -711,4 +750,32 @@ ANNOTATION_IMPORT_MAX_CONCURRENT=5
 # Sandbox expired records clean configuration
 SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_CLEAN_GRACEFUL_PERIOD=21
 SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_CLEAN_BATCH_SIZE=1000
+SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_CLEAN_BATCH_MAX_INTERVAL=200
 SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_RETENTION_DAYS=30
+SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_CLEAN_TASK_LOCK_TTL=90000
+
+
+# Redis URL used for event bus between API and
+# celery worker
+# defaults to url constructed from `REDIS_*`
+# configurations
+EVENT_BUS_REDIS_URL=
+# Event transport type. Options are:
+#
+#  - pubsub: normal Pub/Sub (at-most-once)
+#  - sharded: sharded Pub/Sub (at-most-once)
+#  - streams: Redis Streams (at-least-once, recommended to avoid subscriber races)
+#
+# Note: Before enabling 'streams' in production, estimate your expected event volume and retention needs.
+# Configure Redis memory limits and stream trimming appropriately (e.g., MAXLEN and key expiry) to reduce
+# the risk of data loss from Redis auto-eviction under memory pressure.
+# Also accepts ENV: EVENT_BUS_REDIS_CHANNEL_TYPE.
+EVENT_BUS_REDIS_CHANNEL_TYPE=pubsub
+# Whether to use Redis cluster mode while use redis as event bus.
+#  It's highly recommended to enable this for large deployments.
+EVENT_BUS_REDIS_USE_CLUSTERS=false
+
+# Whether to Enable human input timeout check task
+ENABLE_HUMAN_INPUT_TIMEOUT_TASK=true
+# Human input timeout check interval in minutes
+HUMAN_INPUT_TIMEOUT_TASK_INTERVAL=1

api/.importlinter

@@ -1,131 +1,14 @@
 [importlinter]
 root_packages =
     core
+    constants
+    context
     configs
     controllers
     extensions
+    factories
+    libs
     models
     tasks
     services
 include_external_packages = True
-
-[importlinter:contract:workflow]
-name = Workflow
-type=layers
-layers =
-    graph_engine
-    graph_events
-    graph
-    nodes
-    node_events
-    runtime
-    entities
-containers =
-    core.workflow
-ignore_imports =
-    core.workflow.nodes.base.node -> core.workflow.graph_events
-    core.workflow.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> core.workflow.graph_events
-    core.workflow.nodes.loop.loop_node -> core.workflow.graph_events
-
-    core.workflow.nodes.node_factory -> core.workflow.graph
-    core.workflow.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> core.workflow.graph_engine
-    core.workflow.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> core.workflow.graph
-    core.workflow.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels
-    core.workflow.nodes.loop.loop_node -> core.workflow.graph_engine
-    core.workflow.nodes.loop.loop_node -> core.workflow.graph
-    core.workflow.nodes.loop.loop_node -> core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels
-
-[importlinter:contract:workflow-infrastructure-dependencies]
-name = Workflow Infrastructure Dependencies
-type = forbidden
-source_modules =
-    core.workflow
-forbidden_modules =
-    extensions.ext_database
-    extensions.ext_redis
-allow_indirect_imports = True
-ignore_imports =
-    core.workflow.nodes.agent.agent_node -> extensions.ext_database
-    core.workflow.nodes.datasource.datasource_node -> extensions.ext_database
-    core.workflow.nodes.knowledge_index.knowledge_index_node -> extensions.ext_database
-    core.workflow.nodes.knowledge_retrieval.knowledge_retrieval_node -> extensions.ext_database
-    core.workflow.nodes.llm.file_saver -> extensions.ext_database
-    core.workflow.nodes.llm.llm_utils -> extensions.ext_database
-    core.workflow.nodes.llm.node -> extensions.ext_database
-    core.workflow.nodes.tool.tool_node -> extensions.ext_database
-    core.workflow.nodes.variable_assigner.common.impl -> extensions.ext_database
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels.redis_channel -> extensions.ext_redis
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.manager -> extensions.ext_redis
-    core.workflow.nodes.knowledge_retrieval.knowledge_retrieval_node -> extensions.ext_redis
-
-[importlinter:contract:rsc]
-name = RSC
-type = layers
-layers =
-    graph_engine
-    response_coordinator
-containers =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine
-
-[importlinter:contract:worker]
-name = Worker
-type = layers
-layers =
-    graph_engine
-    worker
-containers =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine
-
-[importlinter:contract:graph-engine-architecture]
-name = Graph Engine Architecture
-type = layers
-layers =
-    graph_engine
-    orchestration
-    command_processing
-    event_management
-    error_handler
-    graph_traversal
-    graph_state_manager
-    worker_management
-    domain
-containers =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine
-
-[importlinter:contract:domain-isolation]
-name = Domain Model Isolation
-type = forbidden
-source_modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.domain
-forbidden_modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.worker_management
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.layers
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.protocols
-
-[importlinter:contract:worker-management]
-name = Worker Management
-type = forbidden
-source_modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.worker_management
-forbidden_modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.orchestration
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.command_processing
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.event_management
-
-
-[importlinter:contract:graph-traversal-components]
-name = Graph Traversal Components
-type = layers
-layers =
-    edge_processor
-    skip_propagator
-containers =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.graph_traversal
-
-[importlinter:contract:command-channels]
-name = Command Channels Independence
-type = independence
-modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels.in_memory_channel
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels.redis_channel

api/.ruff.toml

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ select = [
     "S301", # suspicious-pickle-usage, disallow use of `pickle` and its wrappers.
     "S302", # suspicious-marshal-usage, disallow use of `marshal` module
     "S311", # suspicious-non-cryptographic-random-usage,
+    "TID",   # flake8-tidy-imports
 
 ]
 
@@ -68,8 +69,6 @@ ignore = [
     "FURB152", # math-constant
     "UP007",   # non-pep604-annotation
     "UP032",   # f-string
-    "UP045",   # non-pep604-annotation-optional
-    "B005",    # strip-with-multi-characters
     "B006",    # mutable-argument-default
     "B007",    # unused-loop-control-variable
     "B026",    # star-arg-unpacking-after-keyword-arg
@@ -83,36 +82,30 @@ ignore = [
     "SIM102",  # collapsible-if
     "SIM103",  # needless-bool
     "SIM105",  # suppressible-exception
-    "SIM107",  # return-in-try-except-finally
     "SIM108",  # if-else-block-instead-of-if-exp
     "SIM113",  # enumerate-for-loop
     "SIM117",  # multiple-with-statements
     "SIM210",  # if-expr-with-true-false
+    "TID252",  # allow relative imports from parent modules
 ]
 
 [lint.per-file-ignores]
-"__init__.py" = [
-    "F401", # unused-import
-    "F811", # redefined-while-unused
-]
 "configs/*" = [
     "N802", # invalid-function-name
 ]
-"core/model_runtime/callbacks/base_callback.py" = ["T201"]
-"core/workflow/callbacks/workflow_logging_callback.py" = ["T201"]
 "libs/gmpy2_pkcs10aep_cipher.py" = [
     "N803", # invalid-argument-name
 ]
 "tests/*" = [
-    "F811", # redefined-while-unused
     "T201", # allow print in tests,
     "S110", # allow ignoring exceptions in tests code (currently)
-
 ]
 
-[lint.pyflakes]
-allowed-unused-imports = [
-    "_pytest.monkeypatch",
-    "tests.integration_tests",
-    "tests.unit_tests",
-]
+[lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api."flask_restx.reqparse"]
+msg = "Use Pydantic payload/query models instead of reqparse."
+
+[lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api."flask_restx.reqparse.RequestParser"]
+msg = "Use Pydantic payload/query models instead of reqparse."
+
+[lint.isort]
+known-first-party = ["graphon"]

api/.vscode/launch.json.example

@@ -3,29 +3,21 @@
     "compounds": [
         {
             "name": "Launch Flask and Celery",
-            "configurations": ["Python: Flask", "Python: Celery"]
+            "configurations": ["Python: API (gevent)", "Python: Celery"]
         }
     ],
     "configurations": [
         {
-            "name": "Python: Flask",
-            "consoleName": "Flask",
+            "name": "Python: API (gevent)",
+            "consoleName": "API",
             "type": "debugpy",
             "request": "launch",
             "python": "${workspaceFolder}/.venv/bin/python",
             "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
             "envFile": ".env",
-            "module": "flask",
+            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/app.py",
             "justMyCode": true,
-            "jinja": true,
-            "env": {
-                "FLASK_APP": "app.py",
-                "GEVENT_SUPPORT": "True"
-            },
-            "args": [
-                "run",
-                "--port=5001"
-            ]
+            "jinja": true
         },
         {
             "name": "Python: Celery",
@@ -54,7 +46,7 @@
                 "--loglevel",
                 "DEBUG",
                 "-Q",
-                "dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor"
+                "dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,workflow_based_app_execution,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor"
             ]
         }
     ]

api/AGENTS.md

@@ -1,62 +1,202 @@
-# Agent Skill Index
+# API Agent Guide
 
-Start with the section that best matches your need. Each entry lists the problems it solves plus key files/concepts so you know what to expect before opening it.
+## Notes for Agent (must-check)
 
-______________________________________________________________________
+Before changing any backend code under `api/`, you MUST read the surrounding docstrings and comments. These notes contain required context (invariants, edge cases, trade-offs) and are treated as part of the spec.
 
-## Platform Foundations
+Look for:
 
-- **[Infrastructure Overview](agent_skills/infra.md)**\
-  When to read this:
+- The module (file) docstring at the top of a source code file
+- Docstrings on classes and functions/methods
+- Paragraph/block comments for non-obvious logic
 
-  - You need to understand where a feature belongs in the architecture.
-  - You’re wiring storage, Redis, vector stores, or OTEL.
-  - You’re about to add CLI commands or async jobs.\
-    What it covers: configuration stack (`configs/app_config.py`, remote settings), storage entry points (`extensions/ext_storage.py`, `core/file/file_manager.py`), Redis conventions (`extensions/ext_redis.py`), plugin runtime topology, vector-store factory (`core/rag/datasource/vdb/*`), observability hooks, SSRF proxy usage, and core CLI commands.
+### What to write where
 
-- **[Coding Style](agent_skills/coding_style.md)**\
-  When to read this:
+- Keep notes scoped: module notes cover module-wide context, class notes cover class-wide context, function/method notes cover behavioural contracts, and paragraph/block comments cover local “why”. Avoid duplicating the same content across scopes unless repetition prevents misuse.
+- **Module (file) docstring**: purpose, boundaries, key invariants, and “gotchas” that a new reader must know before editing.
+  - Include cross-links to the key collaborators (modules/services) when discovery is otherwise hard.
+  - Prefer stable facts (invariants, contracts) over ephemeral “today we…” notes.
+- **Class docstring**: responsibility, lifecycle, invariants, and how it should be used (or not used).
+  - If the class is intentionally stateful, note what state exists and what methods mutate it.
+  - If concurrency/async assumptions matter, state them explicitly.
+- **Function/method docstring**: behavioural contract.
+  - Document arguments, return shape, side effects (DB writes, external I/O, task dispatch), and raised domain exceptions.
+  - Add examples only when they prevent misuse.
+- **Paragraph/block comments**: explain *why* (trade-offs, historical constraints, surprising edge cases), not what the code already states.
+  - Keep comments adjacent to the logic they justify; delete or rewrite comments that no longer match reality.
 
-  - You’re writing or reviewing backend code and need the authoritative checklist.
-  - You’re unsure about Pydantic validators, SQLAlchemy session usage, or logging patterns.
-  - You want the exact lint/type/test commands used in PRs.\
-    Includes: Ruff & BasedPyright commands, no-annotation policy, session examples (`with Session(db.engine, ...)`), `@field_validator` usage, logging expectations, and the rule set for file size, helpers, and package management.
+### Rules (must follow)
 
-______________________________________________________________________
+In this section, “notes” means module/class/function docstrings plus any relevant paragraph/block comments.
 
-## Plugin & Extension Development
+- **Before working**
+  - Read the notes in the area you’ll touch; treat them as part of the spec.
+  - If a docstring or comment conflicts with the current code, treat the **code as the single source of truth** and update the docstring or comment to match reality.
+  - If important intent/invariants/edge cases are missing, add them in the closest docstring or comment (module for overall scope, function for behaviour).
+- **During working**
+  - Keep the notes in sync as you discover constraints, make decisions, or change approach.
+  - If you move/rename responsibilities across modules/classes, update the affected docstrings and comments so readers can still find the “why” and the invariants.
+  - Record non-obvious edge cases, trade-offs, and the test/verification plan in the nearest docstring or comment that will stay correct.
+  - Keep the notes **coherent**: integrate new findings into the relevant docstrings and comments; avoid append-only “recent fix” / changelog-style additions.
+- **When finishing**
+  - Update the notes to reflect what changed, why, and any new edge cases/tests.
+  - Remove or rewrite any comments that could be mistaken as current guidance but no longer apply.
+  - Keep docstrings and comments concise and accurate; they are meant to prevent repeated rediscovery.
 
-- **[Plugin Systems](agent_skills/plugin.md)**\
-  When to read this:
+## Coding Style
 
-  - You’re building or debugging a marketplace plugin.
-  - You need to know how manifests, providers, daemons, and migrations fit together.\
-    What it covers: plugin manifests (`core/plugin/entities/plugin.py`), installation/upgrade flows (`services/plugin/plugin_service.py`, CLI commands), runtime adapters (`core/plugin/impl/*` for tool/model/datasource/trigger/endpoint/agent), daemon coordination (`core/plugin/entities/plugin_daemon.py`), and how provider registries surface capabilities to the rest of the platform.
+This is the default standard for backend code in this repo. Follow it for new code and use it as the checklist when reviewing changes.
 
-- **[Plugin OAuth](agent_skills/plugin_oauth.md)**\
-  When to read this:
+### Linting & Formatting
 
-  - You must integrate OAuth for a plugin or datasource.
-  - You’re handling credential encryption or refresh flows.\
-    Topics: credential storage, encryption helpers (`core/helper/provider_encryption.py`), OAuth client bootstrap (`services/plugin/oauth_service.py`, `services/plugin/plugin_parameter_service.py`), and how console/API layers expose the flows.
+- Use Ruff for formatting and linting (follow `.ruff.toml`).
+- Keep each line under 120 characters (including spaces).
 
-______________________________________________________________________
+### Naming Conventions
 
-## Workflow Entry & Execution
+- Use `snake_case` for variables and functions.
+- Use `PascalCase` for classes.
+- Use `UPPER_CASE` for constants.
 
-- **[Trigger Concepts](agent_skills/trigger.md)**\
-  When to read this:
-  - You’re debugging why a workflow didn’t start.
-  - You’re adding a new trigger type or hook.
-  - You need to trace async execution, draft debugging, or webhook/schedule pipelines.\
-    Details: Start-node taxonomy, webhook & schedule internals (`core/workflow/nodes/trigger_*`, `services/trigger/*`), async orchestration (`services/async_workflow_service.py`, Celery queues), debug event bus, and storage/logging interactions.
+### Typing & Class Layout
 
-______________________________________________________________________
+- Code should usually include type annotations that match the repo’s current Python version (avoid untyped public APIs and “mystery” values).
+- Prefer modern typing forms (e.g. `list[str]`, `dict[str, int]`) and avoid `Any` unless there’s a strong reason.
+- For dictionary-like data with known keys and value types, prefer `TypedDict` over `dict[...]` or `Mapping[...]`.
+- For optional keys in typed payloads, use `NotRequired[...]` (or `total=False` when most fields are optional).
+- Keep `dict[...]` / `Mapping[...]` for truly dynamic key spaces where the key set is unknown.
 
-## Additional Notes for Agents
+```python
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import NotRequired, TypedDict
 
-- All skill docs assume you follow the coding style guide—run Ruff/BasedPyright/tests listed there before submitting changes.
-- When you cannot find an answer in these briefs, search the codebase using the paths referenced (e.g., `core/plugin/impl/tool.py`, `services/dataset_service.py`).
-- If you run into cross-cutting concerns (tenancy, configuration, storage), check the infrastructure guide first; it links to most supporting modules.
-- Keep multi-tenancy and configuration central: everything flows through `configs.dify_config` and `tenant_id`.
-- When touching plugins or triggers, consult both the system overview and the specialised doc to ensure you adjust lifecycle, storage, and observability consistently.
+
+class UserProfile(TypedDict):
+    user_id: str
+    email: str
+    created_at: datetime
+    nickname: NotRequired[str]
+```
+
+- For classes, declare all member variables explicitly with types at the top of the class body (before `__init__`), even when the class is not a dataclass or Pydantic model, so the class shape is obvious at a glance:
+
+```python
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+class Example:
+    user_id: str
+    created_at: datetime
+
+    def __init__(self, user_id: str, created_at: datetime) -> None:
+        self.user_id = user_id
+        self.created_at = created_at
+```
+
+### General Rules
+
+- Use Pydantic v2 conventions.
+- Use `uv` for Python package management in this repo (usually with `--project api`).
+- Prefer simple functions over small “utility classes” for lightweight helpers.
+- Avoid implementing dunder methods unless it’s clearly needed and matches existing patterns.
+- Never start long-running services as part of agent work (`uv run app.py`, `flask run`, etc.); running tests is allowed.
+- Keep files below ~800 lines; split when necessary.
+- Keep code readable and explicit—avoid clever hacks.
+
+### Architecture & Boundaries
+
+- Mirror the layered architecture: controller → service → core/domain.
+- Reuse existing helpers in `core/`, `services/`, and `libs/` before creating new abstractions.
+- Optimise for observability: deterministic control flow, clear logging, actionable errors.
+
+### Logging & Errors
+
+- Never use `print`; use a module-level logger:
+  - `logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)`
+- Include tenant/app/workflow identifiers in log context when relevant.
+- Raise domain-specific exceptions (`services/errors`, `core/errors`) and translate them into HTTP responses in controllers.
+- Log retryable events at `warning`, terminal failures at `error`.
+
+### SQLAlchemy Patterns
+
+- Models inherit from `models.base.TypeBase`; do not create ad-hoc metadata or engines.
+- Open sessions with context managers:
+
+```python
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+    stmt = select(Workflow).where(
+        Workflow.id == workflow_id,
+        Workflow.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+    )
+    workflow = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
+```
+
+- Prefer SQLAlchemy expressions; avoid raw SQL unless necessary.
+- Always scope queries by `tenant_id` and protect write paths with safeguards (`FOR UPDATE`, row counts, etc.).
+- Introduce repository abstractions only for very large tables (e.g., workflow executions) or when alternative storage strategies are required.
+
+### Storage & External I/O
+
+- Access storage via `extensions.ext_storage.storage`.
+- Use `core.helper.ssrf_proxy` for outbound HTTP fetches.
+- Background tasks that touch storage must be idempotent, and should log relevant object identifiers.
+
+### Pydantic Usage
+
+- Define DTOs with Pydantic v2 models and forbid extras by default.
+- Use `@field_validator` / `@model_validator` for domain rules.
+
+Example:
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, HttpUrl, field_validator
+
+
+class TriggerConfig(BaseModel):
+    endpoint: HttpUrl
+    secret: str
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
+
+    @field_validator("secret")
+    def ensure_secret_prefix(cls, value: str) -> str:
+        if not value.startswith("dify_"):
+            raise ValueError("secret must start with dify_")
+        return value
+```
+
+### Generics & Protocols
+
+- Use `typing.Protocol` to define behavioural contracts (e.g., cache interfaces).
+- Apply generics (`TypeVar`, `Generic`) for reusable utilities like caches or providers.
+- Validate dynamic inputs at runtime when generics cannot enforce safety alone.
+
+### Tooling & Checks
+
+Quick checks while iterating:
+
+- Format: `make format`
+- Lint (includes auto-fix): `make lint`
+- Type check: `make type-check`
+- Targeted tests: `make test TARGET_TESTS=./api/tests/<target_tests>`
+
+Before opening a PR / submitting:
+
+- `make lint`
+- `make type-check`
+- `make test`
+
+### Controllers & Services
+
+- Controllers: parse input via Pydantic, invoke services, return serialised responses; no business logic.
+- Services: coordinate repositories, providers, background tasks; keep side effects explicit.
+- Document non-obvious behaviour with concise docstrings and comments.
+
+### Miscellaneous
+
+- Use `configs.dify_config` for configuration—never read environment variables directly.
+- Maintain tenant awareness end-to-end; `tenant_id` must flow through every layer touching shared resources.
+- Queue async work through `services/async_workflow_service`; implement tasks under `tasks/` with explicit queue selection.
+- Keep experimental scripts under `dev/`; do not ship them in production builds.

api/Dockerfile

@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ RUN apt-get update \
           # for building gmpy2
           libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev
 
-# Install Python dependencies
+# Install Python dependencies (workspace members under providers/vdb/)
 COPY pyproject.toml uv.lock ./
+COPY providers ./providers
 RUN uv sync --locked --no-dev
 
 # production stage
@@ -50,16 +51,33 @@ WORKDIR /app/api
 
 # Create non-root user
 ARG dify_uid=1001
+ARG NODE_MAJOR=22
+ARG NODE_PACKAGE_VERSION=22.21.0-1nodesource1
+ARG NODESOURCE_KEY_FPR=6F71F525282841EEDAF851B42F59B5F99B1BE0B4
 RUN groupadd -r -g ${dify_uid} dify && \
     useradd -r -u ${dify_uid} -g ${dify_uid} -s /bin/bash dify && \
     chown -R dify:dify /app
 
 RUN \
     apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        ca-certificates \
+        curl \
+        gnupg \
+    && mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings \
+    && curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key -o /tmp/nodesource.gpg \
+    && gpg --show-keys --with-colons /tmp/nodesource.gpg \
+        | awk -F: '/^fpr:/ {print $10}' \
+        | grep -Fx "${NODESOURCE_KEY_FPR}" \
+    && gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg /tmp/nodesource.gpg \
+    && rm -f /tmp/nodesource.gpg \
+    && echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_${NODE_MAJOR}.x nodistro main" \
+        > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list \
+    && apt-get update \
     # Install dependencies
     && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
         # basic environment
-        curl nodejs \
+        nodejs=${NODE_PACKAGE_VERSION} \
         # for gmpy2 \
         libgmp-dev libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev \
         # For Security
@@ -80,7 +98,7 @@ ENV PATH="${VIRTUAL_ENV}/bin:${PATH}"
 
 # Download nltk data
 RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/share/nltk_data \
-    && NLTK_DATA=/usr/local/share/nltk_data python -c "import nltk; from unstructured.nlp.tokenize import download_nltk_packages; nltk.download('punkt'); nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger'); nltk.download('stopwords'); download_nltk_packages()" \
+    && NLTK_DATA=/usr/local/share/nltk_data python -c "import nltk; nltk.download('punkt'); nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger'); nltk.download('stopwords')" \
     && chmod -R 755 /usr/local/share/nltk_data
 
 ENV TIKTOKEN_CACHE_DIR=/app/api/.tiktoken_cache

api/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Dify Backend API
 
-## Usage
+## Setup and Run
 
 > [!IMPORTANT]
 >
@@ -8,109 +8,96 @@
 > [`uv`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) as the package manager
 > for Dify API backend service.
 
-1. Start the docker-compose stack
+`uv` and `pnpm` are required to run the setup and development commands below.
 
-   The backend require some middleware, including PostgreSQL, Redis, and Weaviate, which can be started together using `docker-compose`.
+### Using scripts (recommended)
+
+The scripts resolve paths relative to their location, so you can run them from anywhere.
+
+1. Run setup (copies env files and installs dependencies).
 
    ```bash
-   cd ../docker
-   cp middleware.env.example middleware.env
-   # change the profile to mysql if you are not using postgres,change the profile to other vector database if you are not using weaviate
-   docker compose -f docker-compose.middleware.yaml --profile postgresql --profile weaviate -p dify up -d
-   cd ../api
+   ./dev/setup
    ```
 
-1. Copy `.env.example` to `.env`
+1. Review `api/.env`, `web/.env.local`, and `docker/middleware.env` values (see the `SECRET_KEY` note below).
 
-   ```cli
-   cp .env.example .env
+1. Start middleware (PostgreSQL/Redis/Weaviate).
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-docker-compose
    ```
 
+1. Start backend (runs migrations first).
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-api
+   ```
+
+1. Start Dify [web](../web) service.
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-web
+   ```
+
+   `./dev/setup` and `./dev/start-web` install JavaScript dependencies through the repository root workspace, so you do not need a separate `cd web && pnpm install` step.
+
+1. Set up your application by visiting `http://localhost:3000`.
+
+1. Start the worker service (async and scheduler tasks, runs from `api`).
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-worker
+   ```
+
+1. Optional: start Celery Beat (scheduled tasks).
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-beat
+   ```
+
+### Environment notes
+
 > [!IMPORTANT]
 >
 > When the frontend and backend run on different subdomains, set COOKIE_DOMAIN to the site’s top-level domain (e.g., `example.com`). The frontend and backend must be under the same top-level domain in order to share authentication cookies.
 
-1. Generate a `SECRET_KEY` in the `.env` file.
+- Generate a `SECRET_KEY` in the `.env` file.
 
-   bash for Linux
+  bash for Linux
 
-   ```bash for Linux
-   sed -i "/^SECRET_KEY=/c\SECRET_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 42)" .env
-   ```
+  ```bash
+  sed -i "/^SECRET_KEY=/c\\SECRET_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 42)" .env
+  ```
 
-   bash for Mac
+  bash for Mac
 
-   ```bash for Mac
-   secret_key=$(openssl rand -base64 42)
-   sed -i '' "/^SECRET_KEY=/c\\
-   SECRET_KEY=${secret_key}" .env
-   ```
-
-1. Create environment.
-
-   Dify API service uses [UV](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) to manage dependencies.
-   First, you need to add the uv package manager, if you don't have it already.
-
-   ```bash
-   pip install uv
-   # Or on macOS
-   brew install uv
-   ```
-
-1. Install dependencies
-
-   ```bash
-   uv sync --dev
-   ```
-
-1. Run migrate
-
-   Before the first launch, migrate the database to the latest version.
-
-   ```bash
-   uv run flask db upgrade
-   ```
-
-1. Start backend
-
-   ```bash
-   uv run flask run --host 0.0.0.0 --port=5001 --debug
-   ```
-
-1. Start Dify [web](../web) service.
-
-1. Setup your application by visiting `http://localhost:3000`.
-
-1. If you need to handle and debug the async tasks (e.g. dataset importing and documents indexing), please start the worker service.
-
-```bash
-uv run celery -A app.celery worker -P threads -c 2 --loglevel INFO -Q dataset,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor,retention
-```
-
-Additionally, if you want to debug the celery scheduled tasks, you can run the following command in another terminal to start the beat service:
-
-```bash
-uv run celery -A app.celery beat
-```
+  ```bash
+  secret_key=$(openssl rand -base64 42)
+  sed -i '' "/^SECRET_KEY=/c\\
+  SECRET_KEY=${secret_key}" .env
+  ```
 
 ## Testing
 
 1. Install dependencies for both the backend and the test environment
 
    ```bash
-   uv sync --dev
+   cd api
+   uv sync --group dev
    ```
 
 1. Run the tests locally with mocked system environment variables in `tool.pytest_env` section in `pyproject.toml`, more can check [Claude.md](../CLAUDE.md)
 
    ```bash
+   cd api
    uv run pytest                           # Run all tests
    uv run pytest tests/unit_tests/         # Unit tests only
    uv run pytest tests/integration_tests/  # Integration tests
 
    # Code quality
-   ../dev/reformat               # Run all formatters and linters
-   uv run ruff check --fix ./    # Fix linting issues
-   uv run ruff format ./         # Format code
-   uv run basedpyright .         # Type checking
+   ./dev/reformat               # Run all formatters and linters
+   uv run ruff check --fix ./   # Fix linting issues
+   uv run ruff format ./        # Format code
+   uv run basedpyright .        # Type checking
    ```

api/agent_skills/coding_style.md

@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-## Linter
-
-- Always follow `.ruff.toml`.
-- Run `uv run ruff check --fix --unsafe-fixes`.
-- Keep each line under 100 characters (including spaces).
-
-## Code Style
-
-- `snake_case` for variables and functions.
-- `PascalCase` for classes.
-- `UPPER_CASE` for constants.
-
-## Rules
-
-- Use Pydantic v2 standard.
-- Use `uv` for package management.
-- Do not override dunder methods like `__init__`, `__iadd__`, etc.
-- Never launch services (`uv run app.py`, `flask run`, etc.); running tests under `tests/` is allowed.
-- Prefer simple functions over classes for lightweight helpers.
-- Keep files below 800 lines; split when necessary.
-- Keep code readable—no clever hacks.
-- Never use `print`; log with `logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)`.
-
-## Guiding Principles
-
-- Mirror the project’s layered architecture: controller → service → core/domain.
-- Reuse existing helpers in `core/`, `services/`, and `libs/` before creating new abstractions.
-- Optimise for observability: deterministic control flow, clear logging, actionable errors.
-
-## SQLAlchemy Patterns
-
-- Models inherit from `models.base.Base`; never create ad-hoc metadata or engines.
-
-- Open sessions with context managers:
-
-  ```python
-  from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
-
-  with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
-      stmt = select(Workflow).where(
-          Workflow.id == workflow_id,
-          Workflow.tenant_id == tenant_id,
-      )
-      workflow = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
-  ```
-
-- Use SQLAlchemy expressions; avoid raw SQL unless necessary.
-
-- Introduce repository abstractions only for very large tables (e.g., workflow executions) to support alternative storage strategies.
-
-- Always scope queries by `tenant_id` and protect write paths with safeguards (`FOR UPDATE`, row counts, etc.).
-
-## Storage & External IO
-
-- Access storage via `extensions.ext_storage.storage`.
-- Use `core.helper.ssrf_proxy` for outbound HTTP fetches.
-- Background tasks that touch storage must be idempotent and log the relevant object identifiers.
-
-## Pydantic Usage
-
-- Define DTOs with Pydantic v2 models and forbid extras by default.
-
-- Use `@field_validator` / `@model_validator` for domain rules.
-
-- Example:
-
-  ```python
-  from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, HttpUrl, field_validator
-
-  class TriggerConfig(BaseModel):
-      endpoint: HttpUrl
-      secret: str
-
-      model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
-
-      @field_validator("secret")
-      def ensure_secret_prefix(cls, value: str) -> str:
-          if not value.startswith("dify_"):
-              raise ValueError("secret must start with dify_")
-          return value
-  ```
-
-## Generics & Protocols
-
-- Use `typing.Protocol` to define behavioural contracts (e.g., cache interfaces).
-- Apply generics (`TypeVar`, `Generic`) for reusable utilities like caches or providers.
-- Validate dynamic inputs at runtime when generics cannot enforce safety alone.
-
-## Error Handling & Logging
-
-- Raise domain-specific exceptions (`services/errors`, `core/errors`) and translate to HTTP responses in controllers.
-- Declare `logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)` at module top.
-- Include tenant/app/workflow identifiers in log context.
-- Log retryable events at `warning`, terminal failures at `error`.
-
-## Tooling & Checks
-
-- Format/lint: `uv run --project api --dev ruff format ./api` and `uv run --project api --dev ruff check --fix --unsafe-fixes ./api`.
-- Type checks: `uv run --directory api --dev basedpyright`.
-- Tests: `uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh`.
-- Run all of the above before submitting your work.
-
-## Controllers & Services
-
-- Controllers: parse input via Pydantic, invoke services, return serialised responses; no business logic.
-- Services: coordinate repositories, providers, background tasks; keep side effects explicit.
-- Avoid repositories unless necessary; direct SQLAlchemy usage is preferred for typical tables.
-- Document non-obvious behaviour with concise comments.
-
-## Miscellaneous
-
-- Use `configs.dify_config` for configuration—never read environment variables directly.
-- Maintain tenant awareness end-to-end; `tenant_id` must flow through every layer touching shared resources.
-- Queue async work through `services/async_workflow_service`; implement tasks under `tasks/` with explicit queue selection.
-- Keep experimental scripts under `dev/`; do not ship them in production builds.

api/agent_skills/infra.md

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-## Configuration
-
-- Import `configs.dify_config` for every runtime toggle. Do not read environment variables directly.
-- Add new settings to the proper mixin inside `configs/` (deployment, feature, middleware, etc.) so they load through `DifyConfig`.
-- Remote overrides come from the optional providers in `configs/remote_settings_sources`; keep defaults in code safe when the value is missing.
-- Example: logging pulls targets from `extensions/ext_logging.py`, and model provider URLs are assembled in `services/entities/model_provider_entities.py`.
-
-## Dependencies
-
-- Runtime dependencies live in `[project].dependencies` inside `pyproject.toml`. Optional clients go into the `storage`, `tools`, or `vdb` groups under `[dependency-groups]`.
-- Always pin versions and keep the list alphabetised. Shared tooling (lint, typing, pytest) belongs in the `dev` group.
-- When code needs a new package, explain why in the PR and run `uv lock` so the lockfile stays current.
-
-## Storage & Files
-
-- Use `extensions.ext_storage.storage` for all blob IO; it already respects the configured backend.
-- Convert files for workflows with helpers in `core/file/file_manager.py`; they handle signed URLs and multimodal payloads.
-- When writing controller logic, delegate upload quotas and metadata to `services/file_service.py` instead of touching storage directly.
-- All outbound HTTP fetches (webhooks, remote files) must go through the SSRF-safe client in `core/helper/ssrf_proxy.py`; it wraps `httpx` with the allow/deny rules configured for the platform.
-
-## Redis & Shared State
-
-- Access Redis through `extensions.ext_redis.redis_client`. For locking, reuse `redis_client.lock`.
-- Prefer higher-level helpers when available: rate limits use `libs.helper.RateLimiter`, provider metadata uses caches in `core/helper/provider_cache.py`.
-
-## Models
-
-- SQLAlchemy models sit in `models/` and inherit from the shared declarative `Base` defined in `models/base.py` (metadata configured via `models/engine.py`).
-- `models/__init__.py` exposes grouped aggregates: account/tenant models, app and conversation tables, datasets, providers, workflow runs, triggers, etc. Import from there to avoid deep path churn.
-- Follow the DDD boundary: persistence objects live in `models/`, repositories under `repositories/` translate them into domain entities, and services consume those repositories.
-- When adding a table, create the model class, register it in `models/__init__.py`, wire a repository if needed, and generate an Alembic migration as described below.
-
-## Vector Stores
-
-- Vector client implementations live in `core/rag/datasource/vdb/<provider>`, with a common factory in `core/rag/datasource/vdb/vector_factory.py` and enums in `core/rag/datasource/vdb/vector_type.py`.
-- Retrieval pipelines call these providers through `core/rag/datasource/retrieval_service.py` and dataset ingestion flows in `services/dataset_service.py`.
-- The CLI helper `flask vdb-migrate` orchestrates bulk migrations using routines in `commands.py`; reuse that pattern when adding new backend transitions.
-- To add another store, mirror the provider layout, register it with the factory, and include any schema changes in Alembic migrations.
-
-## Observability & OTEL
-
-- OpenTelemetry settings live under the observability mixin in `configs/observability`. Toggle exporters and sampling via `dify_config`, not ad-hoc env reads.
-- HTTP, Celery, Redis, SQLAlchemy, and httpx instrumentation is initialised in `extensions/ext_app_metrics.py` and `extensions/ext_request_logging.py`; reuse these hooks when adding new workers or entrypoints.
-- When creating background tasks or external calls, propagate tracing context with helpers in the existing instrumented clients (e.g. use the shared `httpx` session from `core/helper/http_client_pooling.py`).
-- If you add a new external integration, ensure spans and metrics are emitted by wiring the appropriate OTEL instrumentation package in `pyproject.toml` and configuring it in `extensions/`.
-
-## Ops Integrations
-
-- Langfuse support and other tracing bridges live under `core/ops/opik_trace`. Config toggles sit in `configs/observability`, while exporters are initialised in the OTEL extensions mentioned above.
-- External monitoring services should follow this pattern: keep client code in `core/ops`, expose switches via `dify_config`, and hook initialisation in `extensions/ext_app_metrics.py` or sibling modules.
-- Before instrumenting new code paths, check whether existing context helpers (e.g. `extensions/ext_request_logging.py`) already capture the necessary metadata.
-
-## Controllers, Services, Core
-
-- Controllers only parse HTTP input and call a service method. Keep business rules in `services/`.
-- Services enforce tenant rules, quotas, and orchestration, then call into `core/` engines (workflow execution, tools, LLMs).
-- When adding a new endpoint, search for an existing service to extend before introducing a new layer. Example: workflow APIs pipe through `services/workflow_service.py` into `core/workflow`.
-
-## Plugins, Tools, Providers
-
-- In Dify a plugin is a tenant-installable bundle that declares one or more providers (tool, model, datasource, trigger, endpoint, agent strategy) plus its resource needs and version metadata. The manifest (`core/plugin/entities/plugin.py`) mirrors what you see in the marketplace documentation.
-- Installation, upgrades, and migrations are orchestrated by `services/plugin/plugin_service.py` together with helpers such as `services/plugin/plugin_migration.py`.
-- Runtime loading happens through the implementations under `core/plugin/impl/*` (tool/model/datasource/trigger/endpoint/agent). These modules normalise plugin providers so that downstream systems (`core/tools/tool_manager.py`, `services/model_provider_service.py`, `services/trigger/*`) can treat builtin and plugin capabilities the same way.
-- For remote execution, plugin daemons (`core/plugin/entities/plugin_daemon.py`, `core/plugin/impl/plugin.py`) manage lifecycle hooks, credential forwarding, and background workers that keep plugin processes in sync with the main application.
-- Acquire tool implementations through `core/tools/tool_manager.py`; it resolves builtin, plugin, and workflow-as-tool providers uniformly, injecting the right context (tenant, credentials, runtime config).
-- To add a new plugin capability, extend the relevant `core/plugin/entities` schema and register the implementation in the matching `core/plugin/impl` module rather than importing the provider directly.
-
-## Async Workloads
-
-see `agent_skills/trigger.md` for more detailed documentation.
-
-- Enqueue background work through `services/async_workflow_service.py`. It routes jobs to the tiered Celery queues defined in `tasks/`.
-- Workers boot from `celery_entrypoint.py` and execute functions in `tasks/workflow_execution_tasks.py`, `tasks/trigger_processing_tasks.py`, etc.
-- Scheduled workflows poll from `schedule/workflow_schedule_tasks.py`. Follow the same pattern if you need new periodic jobs.
-
-## Database & Migrations
-
-- SQLAlchemy models live under `models/` and map directly to migration files in `migrations/versions`.
-- Generate migrations with `uv run --project api flask db revision --autogenerate -m "<summary>"`, then review the diff; never hand-edit the database outside Alembic.
-- Apply migrations locally using `uv run --project api flask db upgrade`; production deploys expect the same history.
-- If you add tenant-scoped data, confirm the upgrade includes tenant filters or defaults consistent with the service logic touching those tables.
-
-## CLI Commands
-
-- Maintenance commands from `commands.py` are registered on the Flask CLI. Run them via `uv run --project api flask <command>`.
-- Use the built-in `db` commands from Flask-Migrate for schema operations (`flask db upgrade`, `flask db stamp`, etc.). Only fall back to custom helpers if you need their extra behaviour.
-- Custom entries such as `flask reset-password`, `flask reset-email`, and `flask vdb-migrate` handle self-hosted account recovery and vector database migrations.
-- Before adding a new command, check whether an existing service can be reused and ensure the command guards edition-specific behaviour (many enforce `SELF_HOSTED`). Document any additions in the PR.
-- Ruff helpers are run directly with `uv`: `uv run --project api --dev ruff format ./api` for formatting and `uv run --project api --dev ruff check ./api` (add `--fix` if you want automatic fixes).
-
-## When You Add Features
-
-- Check for an existing helper or service before writing a new util.
-- Uphold tenancy: every service method should receive the tenant ID from controller wrappers such as `controllers/console/wraps.py`.
-- Update or create tests alongside behaviour changes (`tests/unit_tests` for fast coverage, `tests/integration_tests` when touching orchestrations).
-- Run `uv run --project api --dev ruff check ./api`, `uv run --directory api --dev basedpyright`, and `uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh` before submitting changes.

api/agent_skills/plugin.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// TBD

api/agent_skills/plugin_oauth.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// TBD

api/agent_skills/trigger.md

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-## Overview
-
-Trigger is a collection of nodes that we called `Start` nodes, also, the concept of `Start` is the same as `RootNode` in the workflow engine `core/workflow/graph_engine`, On the other hand, `Start` node is the entry point of workflows, every workflow run always starts from a `Start` node.
-
-## Trigger nodes
-
-- `UserInput`
-- `Trigger Webhook`
-- `Trigger Schedule`
-- `Trigger Plugin`
-
-### UserInput
-
-Before `Trigger` concept is introduced, it's what we called `Start` node, but now, to avoid confusion, it was renamed to `UserInput` node, has a strong relation with `ServiceAPI` in `controllers/service_api/app`
-
-1. `UserInput` node introduces a list of arguments that need to be provided by the user, finally it will be converted into variables in the workflow variable pool.
-1. `ServiceAPI` accept those arguments, and pass through them into `UserInput` node.
-1. For its detailed implementation, please refer to `core/workflow/nodes/start`
-
-### Trigger Webhook
-
-Inside Webhook Node, Dify provided a UI panel that allows user define a HTTP manifest `core/workflow/nodes/trigger_webhook/entities.py`.`WebhookData`, also, Dify generates a random webhook id for each `Trigger Webhook` node, the implementation was implemented in `core/trigger/utils/endpoint.py`, as you can see, `webhook-debug` is a debug mode for webhook, you may find it in `controllers/trigger/webhook.py`.
-
-Finally, requests to `webhook` endpoint will be converted into variables in workflow variable pool during workflow execution.
-
-### Trigger Schedule
-
-`Trigger Schedule` node is a node that allows user define a schedule to trigger the workflow, detailed manifest is here `core/workflow/nodes/trigger_schedule/entities.py`, we have a poller and executor to handle millions of schedules, see `docker/entrypoint.sh` / `schedule/workflow_schedule_task.py` for help.
-
-To Achieve this, a `WorkflowSchedulePlan` model was introduced in `models/trigger.py`, and a `events/event_handlers/sync_workflow_schedule_when_app_published.py` was used to sync workflow schedule plans when app is published.
-
-### Trigger Plugin
-
-`Trigger Plugin` node allows user define there own distributed trigger plugin, whenever a request was received, Dify forwards it to the plugin and wait for parsed variables from it.
-
-1. Requests were saved in storage by `services/trigger/trigger_request_service.py`, referenced by `services/trigger/trigger_service.py`.`TriggerService`.`process_endpoint`
-1. Plugins accept those requests and parse variables from it, see `core/plugin/impl/trigger.py` for details.
-
-A `subscription` concept was out here by Dify, it means an endpoint address from Dify was bound to thirdparty webhook service like `Github` `Slack` `Linear` `GoogleDrive` `Gmail` etc. Once a subscription was created, Dify continually receives requests from the platforms and handle them one by one.
-
-## Worker Pool / Async Task
-
-All the events that triggered a new workflow run is always in async mode, a unified entrypoint can be found here `services/async_workflow_service.py`.`AsyncWorkflowService`.`trigger_workflow_async`.
-
-The infrastructure we used is `celery`, we've already configured it in `docker/entrypoint.sh`, and the consumers are in `tasks/async_workflow_tasks.py`, 3 queues were used to handle different tiers of users, `PROFESSIONAL_QUEUE` `TEAM_QUEUE` `SANDBOX_QUEUE`.
-
-## Debug Strategy
-
-Dify divided users into 2 groups: builders / end users.
-
-Builders are the users who create workflows, in this stage, debugging a workflow becomes a critical part of the workflow development process, as the start node in workflows, trigger nodes can `listen` to the events from `WebhookDebug` `Schedule` `Plugin`, debugging process was created in `controllers/console/app/workflow.py`.`DraftWorkflowTriggerNodeApi`.
-
-A polling process can be considered as combine of few single `poll` operations, each `poll` operation fetches events cached in `Redis`, returns `None` if no event was found, more detailed implemented: `core/trigger/debug/event_bus.py` was used to handle the polling process, and `core/trigger/debug/event_selectors.py` was used to select the event poller based on the trigger type.

api/app.py

@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
 import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from celery import Celery
+
+    celery: Celery
+
+
+HOST = "0.0.0.0"
+PORT = 5001
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def is_db_command() -> bool:
@@ -7,11 +21,24 @@ def is_db_command() -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+def log_startup_banner(host: str, port: int) -> None:
+    debugger_attached = sys.gettrace() is not None
+    logger.info("Serving Dify API via gevent WebSocket server")
+    logger.info("Bound to http://%s:%s", host, port)
+    logger.info("Debugger attached: %s", "on" if debugger_attached else "off")
+    logger.info("Press CTRL+C to quit")
+
+
 # create app
+flask_app = None
+socketio_app = None
+
 if is_db_command():
     from app_factory import create_migrations_app
 
     app = create_migrations_app()
+    socketio_app = app
+    flask_app = app
 else:
     # Gunicorn and Celery handle monkey patching automatically in production by
     # specifying the `gevent` worker class. Manual monkey patching is not required here.
@@ -22,8 +49,14 @@ else:
 
     from app_factory import create_app
 
-    app = create_app()
-    celery = app.extensions["celery"]
+    socketio_app, flask_app = create_app()
+    app = flask_app
+    celery = cast("Celery", app.extensions["celery"])
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5001)
+    from gevent import pywsgi
+    from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler  # type: ignore[reportMissingTypeStubs]
+
+    log_startup_banner(HOST, PORT)
+    server = pywsgi.WSGIServer((HOST, PORT), socketio_app, handler_class=WebSocketHandler)
+    server.serve_forever()